城市化是一种持续的全球环境变化。野生动物可能会使用人类化的环境和资源做出反应,这就是所谓的同步化,创造人类与野生动物的互动。野猪(Susscrofa)种群在城市地区变得很普遍,包括巴塞罗那都会区。人类对城市环境中野猪的反应要么是习惯性的,具有较低的冲突感知和较高的野猪接受度,或致敏,对野猪的耐受性降低。由于公民反应会影响冲突管理,这项研究分析了人类反应的驱动因素,这应该允许采取社会公认的措施来管理同步野猪种群。对1956年巴塞罗那市民进行了采访,对响应变量进行分组,对市民和城市特征进行评分,以及公民知识,情感,经验,和对野猪的感知。确定了五个公民集群:集群1(3.3%),高度习惯性和活跃的野猪喂食器;集群2(11.3%),习惯于有积极情绪的野猪;第三组(19.8%),不习惯也不敏感,愿意保持城市野猪种群;集群4(29.1%),敏感和关注,防御以减少野猪;和集群5(40.1%),高度敏感,并建议减少甚至消灭野猪。积极的态度将野猪与审美价值联系起来,亲近自然和同情,在具有城市背景和高等教育的年轻公民中更为频繁,动物爱好者通过接触习惯了野猪,而没有负面经历。相反,负面的态度是担心城市污染,安全或健康,接受致命的管理措施,在有农村背景的老年公民中更为频繁,教育水平较低,与野猪的低接触或通过负面经历敏感。我们首次记录了人类对城市地区野猪的敏感性和相互适应。确定公民对城市野生动植物态度的驱动因素对于设计社会接受的管理措施应该是有用的。
Urbanization is an ongoing global environmental change. Wildlife may respond using anthropized environments and resources, which is known as synurbization, creating human-wildlife interactions. Wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations have become common in urban areas, including the metropolitan area of Barcelona. Humans respond to wild boars in urban environments either habituating, with lower conflict perception and higher wild boar acceptance, or sensitizing, with reduced tolerance towards wild boars. Since citizen response influences conflict management, this study analysed the drivers of human responses, which should allow adopting socially-accepted measures to manage synurbic wild boar populations. Interviews to 1956 Barcelona citizens were performed, grouping the response variables to score citizen and urban characteristics, as well as citizen lay-knowledge, emotions, experiences, and perception of wild boar. Five citizen clusters were identified: cluster 1 (3.3 %), highly habituated and active wild boar feeder; cluster 2 (11.3 %), habituated to wild boars with positive feelings; cluster 3 (19.8 %), not habituated nor sensitized, willing to maintain urban wild boar populations; cluster 4 (29.1 %), sensitized and concerned, defending to reduce wild boar; and cluster 5 (40.1 %), highly sensitized and proposing to reduce or even eliminate wild boar. Positive attitudes associated wild boar to aesthetic value, closeness to nature and sympathy, and were more frequent in young citizens with urban background and high education, animal lovers habituated to wild boar through contact without negative experiences. Conversely, negative attitudes were concerned about city fouling, safety or health, accepted lethal management measures, and were more frequent in older citizens with rural background, lower education, low contact with wild boar or sensitized through negative experiences. We document for the first time the sensitization and reciprocal habituation of humans to wild boar in urban areas. The identification of the drivers of citizen attitudes towards urban wildlife should be useful to design socially-accepted management measures.