Abstract：
Wild ungulates are expanding in range and number worldwide leading to an urgent need to manage their populations to minimize conflicts and promote coexistence with humans. In the metropolitan area of Barcelona (MAB), wild boar is the main wildlife species causing a nuisance, from traffic accidents to health risks. Selective harvesting of specific sex and age classes and reducing anthropogenic food resources would be the most efficient approach to dealing with overpopulation. Nonetheless, there is a gap in knowledge regarding the age and sex selectivity of the capture methods currently applied in the MAB for wild boar population control. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the performance and age and sex bias of different hunting and capture methods and the seasonal patterns in their performance (number of captured individuals per event). From February 2014 to August 2022, 1454 wild boars were captured in the MAB using drop net, teleanaesthesia, cage traps, night stalks, and drive hunting. We applied generalized linear models (GLM) to compare the performance of these methods for the total number of wild boars, the wild boars belonging to each age category (i.e., adult, yearling, and juvenile), and for each season. The studied capture methods showed age-class bias and sex bias in adults (>2 years). Drive hunting and drop net removed mainly adult females and yearlings (1-2 years), with drive hunting having the highest performance for adult males. Instead, cage traps and drop net were the best methods to capture juveniles (<1 year). Overall, global performance was higher in summer, decreasingly followed by autumn and spring, winter being the worst performing season. Wildlife managers and researchers should consider the different performance and sex and age bias of each hunting and capture method, as well as the associated public cost, to improve efficiency and achieve the best results in wild boar population management.
摘要：
野生有蹄类动物的范围和数量在全球范围内不断扩大，迫切需要管理其种群，以最大程度地减少冲突并促进与人类的共存。在巴塞罗那（MAB）的大都市区，野猪是造成麻烦的主要野生动物物种，从交通事故到健康风险。选择性收获特定性别和年龄类别并减少人为食物资源将是应对人口过剩的最有效方法。尽管如此，关于目前在MAB中用于野猪种群控制的捕获方法的年龄和性别选择性的知识存在差距。因此，这项研究旨在评估不同狩猎和捕获方法的表现，年龄和性别偏见以及其表现的季节性模式（每个事件捕获的个体数量）。从2014年2月到2022年8月，MAB使用滴网捕获了1454只野猪，远程麻醉,笼子陷阱,夜叉，开车打猎。我们应用广义线性模型(GLM)来比较这些方法对野猪总数的性能，属于每个年龄类别的野猪(即，成人,一岁,和少年），对于每个季节。研究的捕获方法显示成年人（>2岁）的年龄类别偏见和性别偏见。驱赶狩猎和落网，主要是成年雌性和一岁（1-2岁），对于成年男性来说，驾驶狩猎的表现最高。相反，笼式诱捕器和落网是捕获幼鱼（<1年）的最佳方法。总的来说,夏季全球业绩较高，随后是秋天和春天，冬天是表现最差的季节。野生动物管理者和研究人员应考虑每种狩猎和捕获方法的不同表现以及性别和年龄偏见，以及相关的公共成本，在野猪种群管理中提高效率并达到最佳效果。
