Primary cranial meningioma is extremely rare and only rarely described in clinical practice, as is primary sinus ectopic meningioma. We detailed the surgical management of a female patient, aged 83, who had a primary meningioma of the sphenoid sinus. This uncommon clinical entity was the subject of a study of the literature, and its prognosis was summarized.
UNASSIGNED: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12070-024-04722-8.

Fungal rhinosinusitis accounts for a significant portion of paranasal sinus diseases, with fungus ball being the most frequently observed form, constituting 27% of cases. While commonly affecting the maxillary sinus, sphenoid sinus localization occurred in 24.78% of cases. Managing fungal balls in the sphenoid sinus poses challenges because of their proximity to critical structures, necessitating a careful and effective approach. A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with a paranasal sinus fungal ball, specifically isolated sphenoidal localization. Trans-nasal sphenoidotomy was performed, and the patients were followed up postoperatively for recurrence or residual disease. Among four identified cases, headache was the predominant symptom, and all patients underwent successful endoscopic surgery without complications. The follow-up revealed no recurrence or residual disease. Fungal ball in the sphenoid sinus, although uncommon, present diagnostic challenges with symptoms that often mimic other conditions. CT scans play a crucial role in diagnosis and reveal dense masses with characteristic features. Surgical intervention, particularly endoscopic sphenoidotomy, remains the primary and successful treatment, emphasizing the importance of early detection. This study emphasizes the effectiveness of endoscopic sphenoidotomy for managing isolated sphenoid sinus fungal ball. This also highlights the importance of early detection and treatment to prevent complications. Headache, a primary symptom, was successfully resolved after surgery, reinforcing the role of surgery as the primary treatment.

OBJECTIVE: In surgical practice during endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA), Growth Hormone-secreting Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors (GH-secreting PitNET) patients show morphologic differences in the nasal cavities and sinuses, leading to a narrower surgical field and a carotid prominence and potentially increasing the complexity of the surgical and the risk of complications. The aim of the study is to evaluate the anatomical differences of the sphenoid sinus between patients with GH-secreting PitNETs and patients with non-functioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors (NF-PitNET) underwent EEA.
METHODS: This is a monocentric retrospective study conducted at author\'s institution. The minimum intercarotid distance (ICS), the largest diameter of the sphenoid sinus (DSS) and the distance between vomer and clivus (VCD) were collected and compared. Presence, localization and course of intersphenoid sinus septum (ISS) were also evaluated.
RESULTS: 100 consecutive patients were identified: 57 males (57%) and 43 females (43%), with a mean age of 55 years. 60 patients had NF-PitNET (60%) and 40 had GH-secreting PitNET (40%). GH-secreting PitNET group presented inferior values of ICD (16.8±3.94 mm vs. 20.4±3.94 mm, p<0.001), DSS (32.5±9.81 mm vs. 38.6±11.03 mm, p=0.006) and VCD (25.5±6.96 mm vs. 29.6±8.47 mm, p=0.012) compared to NF-PitNET group. ISS showed no differences between the two groups.
CONCLUSIONS: ICD, DSS and VCD resulted smaller in acromegalic patients, confirming that patients with GH-secreting PitNETs have a narrower surgical field. A meticulous anatomical preoperative planning and neuronavigation are important to recognize the sphenoid anatomical landmarks in order to reduce the risk of complications, especially in acromegalic patients.

本文报道1例以眶尖、筛窦、蝶窦为主要占位病变的IgD-λ型多发性骨髓瘤的病例。患者女，59岁，因“右眼坠胀感1个月余，加重伴视力下降1周”入院。患者鼻窦CT、鼻窦MRI和鼻咽部增强MRI检查均显示右侧眶尖、筛窦、蝶窦占位性病变，肿物呈侵袭性生长，边界不清，轻度骨质破坏。术前诊断为“右侧眶尖肿物”，行内镜经鼻筛窦蝶窦开放术、颅底眶尖肿瘤活检术，术后完善骨髓穿刺及基因检查，明确诊断为IgD-λ型多发性骨髓瘤。该病发病率极低，约占多发性骨髓瘤的1%~2%，耳鼻咽喉科医生遇到鼻窦颅底占位性病变时，须将多发性骨髓瘤纳入鉴别诊断，防止误诊及漏诊。.

Many studies revealed that the sphenoid sinus pneumatization (SSP) affects the protrusion/dehiscence of adjacent structures including optic canal (OC), foramen rotundum (FR), vidian canal (VC), and carotid canal (CC). Knowledge of this relationship bears vital importance to identify the safest surgical route during transsphenoidal procedures. Therefore, we aimed to determine the individualized prevalence of the protrusion/dehiscence of adjacent structures based on sagittal and coronal SSP (SSSP and CSSP) patterns. Computed tomography images of 300 patients were analysed to identify the SSSP and CSSP types, and the protrusion/dehiscence of adjacent structures was determined. The relationship between the variables was examined using statistical analysis in terms of age, gender, and laterality. The most prevalent SSSP type was postsellar (62.7%), followed by sellar (30%), presellar (6.6%), and conchal (0.7%). In 71.3% of patients, five types of CSSP were observed, with 23.6% and 21.7% exhibiting Type IV and V, respectively. Our results indicated that postsellar type, Type IV and V CSSP associated with the highest likelihood of protrusion/dehiscence of OC, FR, VC, and CC. Furthermore, no significant correlation was observed between these qualitative variables and gender, with the exception of the VC dehiscence, the protrusion of OC and CC. No notable differences were identified with respect to laterality. Also, the probability of having postsellar type, Type IV and V CSSP, as well as the protrusion of OC, VC, and CC, decreased with increasing age. Further detailed analysis of this association is required to predict the size of the surgical window and to prevent neurovascular injury.

UNASSIGNED: To compare the volume of sphenoid sinus with protrusions of optic nerve and internal carotid artery in both males and females.
METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2020 to February 2021 at the Radiology Department of Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, and comprised males and females aged 20-60 years having no sphenoid sinus bony abnormality. Sphenoid volume and optic nerve and internal carotid artery protrusions were examined in the computed tomography scans of the paranasal sinus. Based on the protrusions, the scan findings were split into four groups: Group 1 had no protrusion, Group 2 had optic nerve protrusion, Group 3 had internal carotid artery protrusion, and Group 4 had protrusions of both the optic nerve and the internal carotid artery. Data was analysed using GraphPad Prism 9.
RESULTS: Of the 300 subjects, 171(57%) were males and 129(43%) were females. The overall mean age was 39.27±10.9 years. There were 147(49%) subjects in group 4, followed by 72(24%) in group 3, 42(14%) in group 2 and 39(13%) in group 1. Statistically significant difference was observed between sphenoid volume across the study groups for both male and female subjects (p<0.001).
UNASSIGNED: There was significant relationship between internal carotid artery and optic nerve protrusions and sphenoid volume.

Headache is a common chief complaint among patients. When presented with this chief complaint, clinicians often form a differential diagnosis of common etiologies, including dehydration, increased stressors, and medication side effects. However, a skillful clinician must always be vigilant of rare etiologies presenting with common chief complaints. Here, we present a rare case of a cerebrospinal fluid leak in a young female presenting with primary symptoms of headache, neck stiffness, and vision changes.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to assess the developmental attributes of sphenoid sinuses affected by fungal balls and describe a surgical approach which reestablishes gravity-dependent drainage to compensate for any mucociliary dysfunction.
METHODS: A within-patient case-control analysis was performed on sphenoid sinus dimensions from patients with sphenoid sinus fungal ball (SSFB). Radiological dimensions were assessed to determine the dominant or larger sinus by volume and width. Pneumatization in the sagittal and lateral extent was assessed. The influence of sinus size and pneumatization variants within a patient was analyzed. Patency and the presence of mucostasis from radical reshaping of the sinus cavity were documented at least 3 months after surgery. Complications (bleeding, cerebrospinal fluid leak, and cranial nerve palsy) were recorded.
RESULTS: Twenty-three patients (59 ± 19 years, 86% female, 46 sphenoid sinuses) were assessed. Fungal ball was more common in the smaller (non-dominant) sinus, by width (78% vs. 22%, p < 0.01) and by proportion of total sphenoid volume (0.39 ± 0.16 vs. 0.61 ± 0.16, p < 0.01). Pneumatization variants did not influence the development of SSFB within a patient. All patients had patency and the absence of mucostasis or persistent inflammation at last follow-up. No complications were reported.
CONCLUSIONS: The smaller or nondominant sphenoid sinus is more affected by SSFB. Surgical reshaping of the sphenoid to prevent mucostasis is favorable in managing the smaller affected sinus cavity.
METHODS: 4 Laryngoscope, 2024.

Mucoceles are locally invasive but benign expansive cystic lesions that can arise within paranasal sinuses. Isolated sphenoid sinus Mucoceles (SSM) are quite rare, comprising less than 1% of all paranasal sinus mucoceles. Due to the critical position and proximity of the sphenoid sinus to vital structures, SSMs can cause a multitude of symptoms and complications. We report a case of a 53-year-old man who presented with sudden vision loss and was found to have an isolated SSM. Following surgical drainage and management of the SSM, the patient had full recovery of visual acuity upon discharge.

A diabetic woman in her fifties presented with a sudden onset of failing vision and diplopia involving the right eye for two days, along with fever and headache. Radiological investigations revealed right sphenoid sinusitis along with inflammation around the right orbital apex and optic nerve. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery, with orbital and optic nerve decompression improved the ocular movements, but not the visual acuity. Histopathology was suggestive of a granulomatous inflammatory lesion, and high-resolution computed tommography (HRCT) of the thorax revealed lung lesions suggestive of an old tubercular infection, and antitubercular treatment (ATT) was then initiated.At the end of two months of ATT, there was complete resolution of ophthalmoplegia, relative afferent pupillary defect, direct and consensual light reflex however, failure of improvement in her visual acuity, indicated damage to the optic nerve.Extrapulmonary tuberculosis involving an isolated sphenoid sinus is rare and elusive. Prompt radiological investigations, followed by orbital decompression and ATT, provide the best possible outcomes.