当水痘病毒（MPXV）于2022年开始在全球传播时，评估天花疫苗接种的残余免疫力是否提供交叉保护变得至关重要。为了评估对MPXV的交叉免疫反应，我们从健康供体收集血清样本（n=97）和PBMC（n=30），要么在1974年之前出生，并在儿童期报告天花疫苗接种，要么在1975年之后出生，但没有接种基于痘苗病毒（VACV）的疫苗。我们评估了抗MPXVIgG和中和抗体(NAb)的水平以及针对MPXV的T细胞应答的存在。我们在60（89.6％）和40（70.1％）接种疫苗的个体中发现了抗MPXVIgG和Nabs，分别。我们在30%的接种个体中观察到对正痘病毒和MPXV肽库的T细胞应答。因此，我们表明，40至60年前接受天花疫苗的受试者中有很大比例具有体液交叉免疫力，而在较小的一组（30％）接种疫苗的个体中观察到针对MPXV的T细胞特异性反应。这项研究,结合自然感染或当前疫苗施用期间产生的免疫力信息，将有助于更好地了解针对MPXV的体液和细胞反应。
When the Mpox virus (MPXV) began spreading globally in 2022, it became critical to evaluate whether residual immunity from smallpox vaccination provided cross-protection. To assess the cross-immune response to MPXV, we collected serum samples (n = 97) and PBMCs (n = 30) from healthy-donors, either born before 1974 and reporting smallpox vaccination during childhood or born after 1975 and not vaccinated with Vaccinia virus (VACV)-based vaccines. We evaluated the levels of anti-MPXV IgG and neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) and the presence of a T cell response against MPXV. We found anti-MPXV IgG and Nabs in 60 (89.6%) and 40 (70.1%) vaccinated individuals, respectively. We observed a T cell response to Orthopoxviruses and MPXV peptide pools in 30% of vaccinated individuals. We thus show that a high proportion of subjects who received the smallpox vaccine 40 to 60 years ago have humoral cross-immunity, while the T-cell-specific response against MPXV was observed in a smaller group (30%) of vaccinated individuals. This study, combined with information on immunity developed during natural infection or the administration of current vaccines, will contribute to a better understanding of humoral and cellular responses against MPXV.
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