%0 Journal Article
%T Mpox-specific immune responses elicited by vaccination or infection in people living with HIV.
%A Grüner E
%A Grossegesse M
%A Stern D
%A Ober V
%A Eser TM
%A Reiling G
%A Stirner R
%A Ibarra G
%A Postel N
%A Conca R
%A Dächert C
%A Grifoni A
%A Sette A
%A Bogner J
%A Seybold U
%A Roider J
%J J Infect Dis
%V 0
%N 0
%D 2024 Mar 13
%M 38478746
%F 7.759
%R 10.1093/infdis/jiae138
%X In the recent mpox outbreak, people living with HIV (PLWH) were at high risk both for contracting infection and for suffering a more severe disease course. We studied cellular and humoral immune responses elicited by mpox infection (n = 5; n = 3 PLWH) or smallpox vaccination (n = 17; all PLWH) in a cohort of men who have sex with men. All PLWH were successfully treated, with stable CD4 counts and undetectable HIV viral loads. 11/17 vaccinated individuals had received childhood smallpox vaccination. In this group of individuals, both two-dose MVA-vaccination and natural infection evoked mpox-specific immune responses mediated by B cells as well as CD4 and CD8 T cells. This study improves our understanding of smallpox vaccination mediated cross-reactivity to other orthopox viruses, and the long-lasting durability of childhood smallpox vaccination mediated immune responses including in PLWH.