只有引入杂交瘤技术,才能分离针对给定抗原的单个单克隆抗体(mAb)。这是基于特定B淋巴细胞与骨髓瘤细胞的融合。从那以后,几种单克隆抗体被描述为治疗性的,诊断,和研究目的。尽管是一种复杂度低的老技术,基于杂交瘤的策略具有局限性,包括B淋巴细胞-骨髓瘤细胞融合步骤的低效率,以及使用实验动物的需要。面对这一点,已经开发了几种方法来提高mAb的产生,从杂交瘤技术的变化到全新技术的出现,如抗体噬菌体展示和单个B细胞抗体。在这次审查中,我们讨论了杂交瘤技术以及新兴的mAb分离方法,考虑到它们的优点和局限性。最后,我们探索当今杂交瘤技术的有用性。
The isolation of single monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against a given antigen was only possible with the introduction of the hybridoma technology, which is based on the fusion of specific B lymphocytes with myeloma cells. Since then, several mAbs were described for therapeutic, diagnostic, and research purposes. Despite being an old technique with low complexity, hybridoma-based strategies have limitations that include the low efficiency on B lymphocyte-myeloma cell fusion step, and the need to use experimental animals. In face of that, several methods have been developed to improve mAb generation, ranging from changes in hybridoma technique to the advent of completely new technologies, such as the antibody phage display and the single B cell antibody ones. In this review, we discuss the hybridoma technology along with emerging mAb isolation approaches, taking into account their advantages and limitations. Finally, we explore the usefulness of the hybridoma technology nowadays.