OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in pre-pregnancy, pregancy and loctation.
METHODS: The clinical data of pregnancy complicated with IBD in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Peking University Third Hospital and deli-very from September 2011 to June 2022 were collected. The clinical characteristics of the patients were analyzed retrospectively. According to the state of diseases during pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and lactation, the patients were divided into active and remission group, and the two groups were compared interms of pre-pregnancy counseling, nutritional status, pregnancy and delivery complications, gestational week, mode of delivery, and neonatal outcome.
RESULTS: A total of 33 pregnant women with IBD were included in this study, of which 7 delivered a second child, for a total of 40 deliveries, with 36 natural pregnancies (90.0%) and 4 assisted reproductions (10.0%). Among the 40 cases, 21 cases (52.5%) were sustained in remission in pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and lactation, and 19 cases (47.5%) in disease activity, of which 8 cases (42.1%) were due to self-withdrawal of drugs or failure to take medicine regularly. Compared with the activity group, the disease remission group had a higher rate of pre-pregnancy counseling (57.1% vs. 15.8%, P=0.010), and higher levels of hemoglobin [(112.67±8.53) g/L vs. (102.84±5.23) g/L, P < 0.001], serum total protein [(66.58±6.34) g/L vs. (60.83±6.25) g/L, P=0.006], serum albumin [36.4 (35.1, 38.3) g/L vs. 34.3 (31.1, 35.6) g/L, P=0.006], serum calcium [(2.25±0.10) μmol/L vs. (2.13±0.15) μmol/L, P=0.004], but a lower incidence of gestational hypertensive disorders (0 vs. 31.6%, P=0.007). In 40 deliveries, there were 27 cases of vaginal delivery (67.5%), 13 cases of cesarean section (32.5%). The analysis of neonatal outcomes showed 38 full-term deliveries and 2 preterm deliveries; 1 case of macrosomia, 1 case of small-for-gestational-age, 1 case of low birth weight and 3 cases of birth defects. There were 10 newborns admitted to neonatal intensive care unit, including 4 cases of neonatal infections and 2 cases of neonatal jaundice.
CONCLUSIONS: Pre-pregnancy counseling and evaluation of IBD patients are very important, and good pregnancy outcomes can be obtained through careful management during pregnancy in the most of the patients.

Nutrition during pregnancy influences perinatal outcomes and predispositions to chronic diseases. A prospective cohort study was carried out with the objectives of describing the dietary patterns in the pregnant population in the city of Quito, Ecuador and analysing the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors that influence the adherence to each dietary pattern. The body mass index was calculated for each patient, and the patients were classified according to the Atalah criteria. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire was also applied. The dietary patterns were assessed using a dietary survey with a 24 h recall on two occasions. A total of 535 pregnant women were included. A positive association was found between the pattern \"dairy, salads and sweet snacks/dressings\" and foreign nationality (β = 0.82 (0.43;1.21)). The \"refined carbohydrates\" pattern was negatively associated with education equal to or less than 7 years and an income of up to one basic salary (β = -0.59 (-1.05; -0.14)). The \"traditional Ecuadorian\" pattern showed a positive association with being born in the coastal region of Ecuador (β = 0.62 (0.22; 1.01)). This study identified three dietary patterns in pregnant women and their possible associations with certain sociodemographic factors. More studies are needed to better understand these patterns as well as to analyse their nutritional and caloric properties.

UNASSIGNED: To assess maternal dietary intake during pregnancy and adherence to the 2020-2025 pregnancy-specific Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA).
UNASSIGNED: This was a retrospective observational study. The study population consisted of women who gave birth to term infants (>37 weeks of gestation). Participants were given the Dietary Screener Questionnaire (DSQ) after birth and asked to recall their dietary intake in the last month of pregnancy. Participants\' estimated dietary intakes were then compared to the 2020-2025 DGA which includes specific recommendations for pregnant women.
UNASSIGNED: Out of 51 women who completed the DSQ, none consumed the recommended amounts of all surveyed dietary factors. Specifically, only one woman (2%) met the recommended intake of fruits, 11 women (22%) met the recommended intake of calcium, 25 women (49%) exceeded the recommended upper limit for added sugar intake, and none of the women (0%) met the intake of vegetables, whole grains, dairy and fiber.
UNASSIGNED: Women in our study did not adhere to the pregnancy-specific DGA recommendations in the last month of pregnancy. Our findings underscore the need to increase maternal nutritional awareness and education to improve adherence to the DGA.

This clinical practice guideline on the supply of the omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in pregnant women for risk reduction of preterm birth and early preterm birth was developed with support from several medical-scientific organizations, and is based on a review of the available strong evidence from randomized clinical trials and a formal consensus process. We concluded the following. Women of childbearing age should obtain a supply of at least 250 mg/d of docosahexaenoic+eicosapentaenoic acid from diet or supplements, and in pregnancy an additional intake of ≥100 to 200 mg/d of docosahexaenoic acid. Pregnant women with a low docosahexaenoic acid intake and/or low docosahexaenoic acid blood levels have an increased risk of preterm birth and early preterm birth. Thus, they should receive a supply of approximately 600 to 1000 mg/d of docosahexaenoic+eicosapentaenoic acid, or docosahexaenoic acid alone, given that this dosage showed significant reduction of preterm birth and early preterm birth in randomized controlled trials. This additional supply should preferably begin in the second trimester of pregnancy (not later than approximately 20 weeks\' gestation) and continue until approximately 37 weeks\' gestation or until childbirth if before 37 weeks\' gestation. Identification of women with inadequate omega-3 supply is achievable by a set of standardized questions on intake. Docosahexaenoic acid measurement from blood is another option to identify women with low status, but further standardization of laboratory methods and appropriate cutoff values is needed. Information on how to achieve an appropriate intake of docosahexaenoic acid or docosahexaenoic+eicosapentaenoic acid for women of childbearing age and pregnant women should be provided to women and their partners.

UNASSIGNED: Longitudinal measures of diet spanning pregnancy through adolescence are needed from a large, diverse sample to advance research on the effect of early-life nutrition on child health. The Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, which includes 69 cohorts, >33,000 pregnancies, and >31,000 children in its first 7-y cycle, provides such data, now publicly available.
UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to describe dietary intake data available in the ECHO Program as of 31 August, 2022 (end of year 6 of Cycle 1) from pregnancy through adolescence, including estimated sample sizes, and to highlight the potential for future analyses of nutrition and child health.
UNASSIGNED: We identified and categorized ECHO Program dietary intake data, by assessment method, participant (pregnant person or child), and life stage of data collection. We calculated the number of maternal-child dyads with dietary data and the number of participants with repeated measures. We identified diet-related variables derived from raw dietary intake data and nutrient biomarkers measured from biospecimens.
UNASSIGNED: Overall, 66 cohorts (26,941 pregnancies, 27,103 children, including 22,712 dyads) across 34 US states/territories provided dietary intake data. Dietary intake assessments included 24-h recalls (1548 pregnancies and 1457 children), food frequency questionnaires (4902 and 4117), dietary screeners (8816 and 23,626), and dietary supplement use questionnaires (24,798 and 26,513). Repeated measures were available for ∼70%, ∼30%, and ∼15% of participants with 24-h recalls, food frequency questionnaires, and dietary screeners, respectively. The available diet-related variables describe nutrient and food intake, diet patterns, and breastfeeding practices. Overall, 17% of participants with dietary intake data had measured nutrient biomarkers.
UNASSIGNED: ECHO cohorts have collected longitudinal dietary intake data spanning pregnancy through adolescence from a geographically, socioeconomically, and ethnically diverse US sample. As data collection continues in Cycle 2, these data present an opportunity to advance the field of nutrition and child health.

Balanced energy protein (BEP) supplementation in pregnancy is recommended in the context of undernutrition for the reduction of small-for-gestational age neonates and stillbirths. To inform an effectiveness trial, we evaluated the acceptability of a packaged, ready-to-eat fortified BEP product among women of reproductive age and their health care providers (HCPs) in rural Bangladesh and explored the feasibility of adhering to daily supplementation. We implemented a formative study using focus groups discussions with women (n = 29) and HCPs (n = 17) to introduce the product and investigate components of acceptability. A \"trials of improved practice\" activity was conducted in subset of women (n = 16) to evaluate adherence to BEP over a 2-week period, followed by focus group discussions to identify challenges with adherence and strategies employed. Contributors to BEP acceptability included the product\'s sensory attributes, such as taste, smell and texture; the attractive packaging and informative labelling; and the perceived benefits of use. Participants also identified household and community level factors influencing the adoption of BEP, such as trust in the provider, cultural beliefs on supplement use in pregnancy, and family member tasting and approval. Over the 2-week period, women consumed over 80% of the supplements provided to them and identified strategies for adherence, including visual aids and reminders from family members or providers. HCPs recommended targeted communication messages for mothers-in-law to foster a supportive home environment. Findings informed changes to the BEP product to improve acceptability and shaped the content of communication messages to optimise adherence in a forthcoming effectiveness trial.

Experimental data on the effects of lifestyle interventions on fetal neurodevelopment in humans remain scarce. This study assessed the impact of a pregnancy nutrition+exercise intervention on offspring neurodevelopment at 12 months of age. The Be Healthy in Pregnancy (BHIP) randomized controlled trial (RCT) randomly assigned pregnant persons with stratification by site and body mass index (BMI) to bi-weekly nutrition counselling and high dairy protein diet, walking goal of 10,000 steps/day plus usual prenatal care (UPC; intervention group) or UPC alone (control group). This study examined a subset of these mothers (> 18 years, singleton pregnancy, BMI <40 kg/m2, and enrolled by ≤12 weeks gestation) and their infants (intervention = 42, control = 32), assessing cognition, language, motor, social-emotional, and adaptive functioning at 12 months using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development third edition (BSID-III) as the outcome measure. We also examined if maternal factors (prepregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain (GWG)) moderated associations. Expressive language (MD = 9.62, 95% CI = (9.05-10.18), p = 0.03, ƞ2p = 0.07) and general adaptive composite (GAC) scores (MD = 103.97, 95% CI = (100.31-107.63), p = 0.04, ƞ2p = 0.06) were higher in infants of mothers in the intervention group. Effect sizes were medium. However, mean cognitive, receptive language, motor, and social-emotional scale scores did not differ between groups. A structured and monitored nutrition+exercise intervention during pregnancy led to improved expressive language and general adaptive behavior in 12-month-olds, but not cognitive, receptive language, motor, or socioemotional functioning. While these experimental data are promising, further research is needed to determine the clinical utility of nutrition+exercise interventions for optimizing infant neurodevelopment.

(1) Background: Due to their high nutritional value, we aimed to characterize the frequency and amount of maternal consumption of beans during pregnancy and their associations with diet quality and nutrient intake. (2) Methods: We conducted a secondary data analysis of US pregnant women (n = 1444) from the Infant Feeding Practices Study II, a longitudinal study that followed mother-infant pairs from late pregnancy to 1 year postpartum. Maternal bean intake (food types [dried beans, chili, and bean soup], frequency, serving size, and amount), diet quality (Healthy Eating Index [HEI]), and nutrient intake were estimated with a Food Frequency Questionnaire taken in the third trimester of pregnancy. Associations of bean consumption with diet quality and nutrient intake were examined with analysis of variance, Fisher\'s least significant difference tests, correlation coefficients, and coefficients of determination. (3) Results: In general, maternal bean consumption was low during pregnancy: 0.31 cups/week of dried beans, 0.37 cups/week of chili, and 0.10 cups/week of bean soup. Maternal bean consumption varied by socio-demographics and geographic regions. In comparison with those who never consumed dried beans, mothers who ate dried beans ≥ 1 time per week had a higher mean HEI score (67.5 vs. 63.6), intake of total fiber (24.4 vs. 17.4 g/day), and protein (93.4 vs. 79.9 g/day), but a lower percentage of energy from added sugar (12.6 vs. 15.2%). Higher dried bean consumption had weak-to-moderate correlations with intake of total fiber (correlation coefficient, 0.320), insoluble fiber (0.316), soluble fiber (0.310), and folate (0.286). Similar but less extensive correlations were observed for chili and bean soup consumption. (4) Conclusions: In this US cohort of pregnant women, bean consumption was low. Increased intake of beans (≥1 time per week) may improve maternal diet quality during pregnancy.

UNASSIGNED: Worldwide 1.2 billion women suffer from micronutrient deficiency. Feeding diversified foods during pregnancy prevents pregnancy complications such as severe anemia, low birth weight, and birth defects. However, the status of minimum dietary diversity and associated factors among pregnant women were not explored in the study area; therefore, this study was conducted at the Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance Sites (AMHDSS).
UNASSIGNED: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 19, 2021, to October 30, 2022, on randomly selected 635 pregnant women. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews, and measurements of mid-upper arm circumference using a tablet; then exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the characteristics of the study participants and presented by text, figures, and tables. Binary logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with pregnant women MDD-W. Independent variables with a P-value < .05 were considered as associated factors.
UNASSIGNED: 98.2% of the pregnant women responded to this survey, more than half, (53.3%) of them achieved MDD-W, and 24.2% of the pregnant women were undernourished. The MDD-W was associated with household food security (AOR = 0.55, CI: .36, .83), meal frequency, (AOR = 1.62, CI: 1.1, 2.5), house ownership (AOR = 0.52, CI: .29, .9), ownership of banana farms (AOR = 1.7, CI: 1.02, 2.8), antenatal follow-up (ANC) (AOR = 1.9, CI: 1.1, 3.3), and occupational status (AOR = 6, CI: 2.1, 17.6).
UNASSIGNED: The MDD-W outcome in this study was higher than that in other studies. The MDD-W is associated with, ANC follow-up, meal frequency, living in a food-secured household, ownership of a house, and pregnant women\'s merchant occupation. For optimal pregnancy outcomes; the AMHDSS and stakeholders might need to work in collaboration to increase ANC coverage and meal frequency for pregnant women. In addition, micronutrient supplementation, and increasing the availability/production capacity of food-insecure households are expected.

Thiamine and riboflavin deficiencies exist to varying degrees worldwide, especially in developing countries. Evidence regarding the association between thiamine and riboflavin intake and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is scarce.
We aimed to evaluate the association of thiamine and riboflavin intake during pregnancy, including dietary source and supplementation, with GDM risk in a prospective cohort study.
We included 3036 pregnant women (923 in the first trimester and 2113 in the second trimester) from the Tongji Birth Cohort. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and a lifestyle questionnaire were used to assess thiamine and riboflavin intake from dietary source and supplementation, respectively. GDM was diagnosed using the 75 g 2-h oral glucose tolerance test at 24-28 weeks of gestation. A modified Poisson regression or logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between thiamine and riboflavin intake and GDM risk.
Dietary intake of thiamine and riboflavin was at low levels during pregnancy. In the fully adjusted model, compared with participants in quartile 1 (Q1), those who had more total thiamine and riboflavin intake had a lower risk of GDM during the first trimester [thiamine: Q2: RR: 0.58 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.98); Q3: RR: 0.45 (95% CI: 0.24, 0.84); Q4: RR: 0.35 (95% CI: 0.17, 0.72), P for trend = 0.002; riboflavin: Q2: RR: 0.63 (95% CI: 0.37, 1.09); Q3: RR: 0.45 (95% CI: 0.24, 0.87); Q4: RR: 0.39 (95% CI: 0.19, 0.79), P for trend = 0.006]. This association was also observed during the second trimester. Similar results were observed for the association between thiamine and riboflavin supplement use but not dietary intake and GDM risk.
Higher intake of thiamine and riboflavin during pregnancy is associated with a lower incidence of GDM. This trial was registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn as ChiCTR1800016908.