背景:人参(P.人参)C.A.迈耶。已经研究了几十年的各种生物活性,特别是在免疫调节特性方面。传统上,众所周知,根,叶子,食用人参的果实可以改善人体的气血和稳态。此外,这些被用来保护身体免受各种传染病的侵害。然而,人参浆果免疫调节活性的分子机制尚未像植物的其他部分那样得到系统的研究。
目的:本研究的目的是发现人参浆果的调节作用,更重要的是,他们的人参皂苷,关于先天免疫反应和阐明分子机制。
方法:将人参浆果浓缩物(GBC)口服注射给BALB/c小鼠30天,提取脾脏评价免疫调节作用。鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7细胞用于详细的分子机制研究。使用磁激活细胞分选(MACS)系统分离脾自然杀伤(NK)细胞,并使用乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放测定法测量分离的NK细胞的细胞毒性活性。通过流式细胞术确定脾免疫细胞群体。通过体外荧光素酶测定法评估NF-κB启动子活性。免疫印迹和实时荧光定量PCR检测脾脏和RAW264.7细胞炎性蛋白和细胞因子的表达,分别。
结果:GBC增强了NK细胞和免疫调节相关脾细胞群的细胞毒活性。此外,GBC促进NF-κB启动子活性并刺激NF-κB信号级联。在脾脏和RAW264.7细胞中,应用GBC后,促炎细胞因子的表达增加,而抗炎细胞因子的表达下降。
结论:这些结果表明,人参浆果可以刺激先天免疫反应,并有助于维持平衡的免疫状态,主要是由于其关键人参皂苷Re的作用,以及其他原人参二醇和原人参三醇型人参皂苷。这一发现将为健康饮食研究以及非化学免疫调节剂领域提供新的见解。通过提供自然衍生和基于植物的生物活性材料。
BACKGROUND: Panax ginseng (P. ginseng) C.A. Meyer. Has been studied for decades for its various biological activities, especially in terms of immune-regulatory properties. Traditionally, it has been known that root, leaves, and fruits of P. ginseng were eaten for improving body\'s Qi and homeostasis. Also, these were used to protect body from various types of infectious diseases. However, molecular mechanisms of immunomodulatory activities of ginseng berries have not been systemically studied as often as other parts of the plant.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this research is to discover the regulatory effects of P. ginseng berries, more importantly, their ginsenosides, on innate immune responses and to elucidate the molecular mechanism.
METHODS: Ginseng berry concentrate (GBC) was orally injected into BALB/c mice for 30 days, and spleens were extracted for evaluation of immune-regulatory effects. Murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells were used for detailed molecular mechanism studies. Splenic natural killer (NK) cells were isolated using the magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) system, and the cytotoxic activity of isolated NK cells was measured using a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. The splenic immune cell population was determined by flow-cytometry. NF-κB promoter activity was assessed by in vitro luciferase assay. Expression of inflammatory proteins and cytokines of the spleen and RAW264.7 cells were evaluated using western blotting and real-time PCR, respectively.
RESULTS: The GBC enhanced cytotoxic activity of NK cells and the immune-regulation-related splenic cell population. Moreover, GBC promoted NF-κB promoter activity and stimulated the NF-κB signaling cascade. In spleen and RAW264.7 cells, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was increased upon GBC application, while expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines decreased.
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that P. ginseng berry can stimulate innate immune responses and help maintain a balanced immune condition, mostly due to the action of its key ginsenoside Re, along with other protopanaxadiol- and protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides. Such finding will provide a new insight into the field of well-being diet research as well as non-chemical immune modulator, by providing nature-derived and plant-based bioactive materials.