The objective of this article is to report the clinical case and 4-year follow-up of a 5-year-old child with multiple dental anomalies, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and use of combined pediatric surgery and orthodontic approaches. A 5-year-old boy, accompanied by his mother, sought dental care for dental caries and tooth pain. Clinical and radiographic examinations revealed active caries, a supernumerary primary tooth in the region of the mandibular right second premolar, and severe ankylosis of the primary mandibular right second molar. The treatment plan involved extraction of the supernumerary tooth as well as sectioning and extraction of the ankylosed molar. When the patient was 6 years old, the permanent mandibular right first molar showed signs of an altered eruptive process, and orthodontic treatment was initiated. A unilateral band-and-loop space maintainer with coil springs designed to move the permanent first molar was placed on the primary first molar. A new panoramic radiograph, obtained when the patient was aged 7 years, suggested the presence of an odontoma in the apical region of the primary maxillary right canine. Surgical removal and histopathologic examination of the lesion confirmed that it was a developing odontoma. After surgery, due to occlusal anomalies that included transverse maxillary deficiency, deep overbite, and midline deviation, the patient underwent rapid maxillary expansion therapy with a Haas-type appliance. When the patient was 8 years old, orthodontic treatment continued with a removable palatal Hawley expander and a orthodontic mandibular lingual arch. Currently, at the age of 9 years, the child is still undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment after surgical exposure of the impacted permanent maxillary right canine and bonding of an orthodontic attachment to enable traction. A multidisciplinary approach to the management of dental anomalies promotes a favorable prognosis and ensures comprehensive treatment of young patients.

Die Magnetresonanztomographie hat in den letzten Jahren durch zahlreiche technische Fortschritte vielversprechende Ansätze in der dentomaxillofazialen Radiologie eröffnet. Die MRT hat das Potenzial, zu einer innovativen Methode für die präzise Diagnose und Planung von Zahnimplantaten zu werden, da sie die gleichzeitige Darstellung von Weich- und Hartgewebe ermöglicht und keine Strahlenbelastung für die Patienten mit sich bringt. Die dentale MRT fungiert bereits heute als eine sinnvolle Ergänzung zu konventionellen röntgenbasierten bildgebenden Verfahren und kann dazu beitragen, die mit chirurgischen Eingriffen verbundenen Risiken durch die Optimierung bestehender Therapieprotokolle weiter zu minimieren. Vor dem Hintergrund aktueller Bestrebungen in der Zahnmedizin eine personalisierte orale Diagnostik unter Berücksichtigung patientenspezifischer Faktoren zu ermöglichen, gibt dieser Artikel einen kompakten Überblick über die Möglichkeiten der dentalen MRT in der Implantatchirurgie. Insgesamt verdeutlichen die vorgestellten Anwendungen unter Berücksichtigung der sequenzspezifischen Indikationen und Limitationen das Potenzial der dentalen MRT für die personalisierte implantologische Therapieplanung. Sie ermöglicht die Berücksichtigung von Parametern, die mit konventionellen bildgebenden Verfahren nicht dargestellt werden können, und ist insbesondere nützlich für die Beurteilung chirurgisch relevanter Parameter, die das Weichgewebe betreffen.

Sutures are natural or synthetic biomaterials utilized to hold tissues together. Following oral surgery, the surgical site and sutures are physically affected by many different factors. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of artificial saliva (AS) and chlorhexidine mouthwash on the tensile strength of absorbable multifilament PGLA (polyglycolide-co-l-lactide) and non-absorbable multifilament silk sutures. PGLA and silk sutures, which are commonly used in oral surgery, were used to evaluate the change in strength of the sutures. A total of 352 suture samples were divided into eight equal groups (n = 44) and used for the experiments. Tensile strength was tested on days 0, 3, 7, and 14. For the silk sutures, there was a significant decrease in tensile strength in all groups at time T3 compared to T0, T1, and T2, and at times T1 and T2 compared to T0. For PGLA sutures, there was a significant decrease in all groups at time T3 compared to T0, T1, and T2. This study shows that chlorhexidine mouthwash significantly reduces suture resistance for 14 days after surgery.

BACKGROUND: Anxiety during oral surgery can impact patient homeostasis, increase the difficulty of the procedure and create additional stress for the surgeon. Furthermore, it has been associated with more intense and prolonged pain during and after dental treatment.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to evaluate the relationship between anxiety, patient characteristics and pain outcomes in oral surgery, as well as to verify the impact of anxiety on patient\'s perception of pain during and after oral surgery.
METHODS: This is a prospective observational study. Several variables were evaluated during the course of the oral surgery. Anxiety levels were assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Corah\'s Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS), the Interval Scale of Anxiety Response (ISAR), and Patient SelfRated Anxiety (PAnx) during the procedure.
RESULTS: General anxiety measures (STAI) were not associated with specific dental anxiety or external observations of anxiety. Anxiety levels varied according to gender and body mass index (BMI), and were correlated with increased heart rate (HR) (with variability among assessment tools). Odontectomy, ostectomy and an increased volume of anesthesia were associated with higher anxiety levels (with variability among the assessment tools). There was a correlation between pain and anxiety, with anxiety contributing to approx. 12% of the variability in postoperative pain.
CONCLUSIONS: Dental anxiety is a complex, multidimensional mental phenomenon characterized by high variability due to the influence of several dynamic factors.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of sticky bone in managing various alveolar bone defects, examining both its benefits and drawbacks.
METHODS: The review adhered to PRISMA guidelines and employed a thorough search strategy using major databases, medical subject headings (MeSH) keywords, and Boolean operators. As a result, the systematic review identified 12 studies focusing on the efficacy of sticky bone in treating alveolar bone defects. Inclusion criteria consisted of randomized controlled trials and case series reporting on the outcomes of sticky bone use for bone defect treatment. Two examiners meticulously performed screening, data extraction, and bias assessment, with the risk of bias evaluated using the Cochrane tool.
RESULTS: The findings indicated significant improvements in bone quality, width, height, and volume, with enhanced predictability in socket preservation and implant placement. Sticky bone was particularly effective in ridge augmentation, guided bone regeneration, and filling periodontal defects, often outperforming alternatives like concentrated growth factors (CGFs) and autologous fibrin glue (AFG). It simplified procedures and reduced resorption during healing, underscoring its value as a versatile adjunct in bone reconstruction surgery.
CONCLUSIONS: Sticky bone demonstrated exceptional results in various oral surgeries, effectively addressing issues such as furcation defects, bone loss, and ridge augmentation, with significant clinical and radiographic improvements. Further research is needed to explore its full potential and refine protocols for broader oral surgery and periodontics applications.

OBJECTIVE: Peripherally induced movement disorders (PIMD) are hyperkinetic movement disorders that can occur after injury to a part of the body. This study aimed to identify PIMD in the stomatognathic system following dental or oral surgical procedures.
METHODS: A total of 229 patients with PIMD (144 women and 85 men; mean age: 53.4 years) triggered by oral surgical or dental interventions were evaluated retrospectively.
RESULTS: The average latency between the procedures and onset of PIMD was 14.3 days. Oral surgery (40.2%), including tooth extraction, trauma treatment, and other surgical procedures, was the most frequent trigger of PIMD. This was followed by general dental treatment, including periodontal, endodontic, and restorative procedures (36.7%), prosthetic treatment (19.7%), and orthodontic treatment (3.5%). PIMD consisted of oromandibular dystonia (73.8%), functional (psychogenic) movement disorders (11.4%), orolingual dyskinesia (7.9%), and hemimasticatory spasms (5.7%).
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that even minor alterations in normal anatomy or physiology after dental procedures may result in PIMD in predisposing patients.
CONCLUSIONS: Dental professionals should be aware that although infrequently, PIMD can develop after various dental treatments. If such symptoms precipitate, the attending physician should properly explain them to the patient and provide appropriate treatment or consultation with a movement disorder specialist.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether blended learning results in better educational outcomes compared to traditional learning in the acquisition of oral surgery technical skills for 4th-year undergraduate dental students.
METHODS: Seventy-three students participated in this two-arm parallel randomized controlled trial. Only students in the blended learning group had access to the online preparation platform for oral surgery practical work (PW) on a pig\'s jaw and to the debriefing. Kirkpatrick\'s four-level model was used to assess the educational outcomes directly after (levels 1 and 2) and 6 months later, after the start of the students\' clinical activity (levels 3 and 4).
RESULTS: For level 1, higher global satisfaction scores were found for students in the blended learning compared to the traditional learning group (p = .002). For level 2, blended learning resulted in an increase in knowledge score (p < .01), comparable to that observed in the traditional learning group. For level 3, students in the blended group made more progress in 6 months than those in the traditional group in terms of feeling able to assess and perform anaesthesia (p = .040) and surgical tooth extraction (p = .043). No difference in level 4 was found for the 6-month clinical surgical activity between groups, but students in the blended group felt more able to assess and perform the surgical management of a failed extraction requiring bone removal (p = .044).
CONCLUSIONS: Blended learning for oral surgery PW had a positive impact on three of the four Kirkpatrick levels (level 1, 3 and 4). Efforts should focus on the procedures that are perceived as the most difficult.

Hashtags on Instagram help users globally search for posts to their liking. This study aimed to determine who posts the most popular oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) hashtags on Instagram and to evaluate the impact of educational content. The posts were analyzed for the type of post and differences between content creators when posting OMS-related content. This cross-sectional study evaluated OMS content categorized by 36 hashtags. The top 9 posts with each hashtag were evaluated based on the type of content creator, if it was a video or picture, and if it was educational or for marketing purposes. 6 million posts existed among 36 hashtags. Regarding the categories of person/organization posting the content (US or non-US oral and maxillofacial surgeon, residency program, patient, and \'other\'), the top posts (N = 295) were posted by \'other\' and the least by \'residency program\'. Among the posts by non-US oral and maxillofacial surgeons, there was 3.8-fold more marketing content, while among the posts by US oral and maxillofacial surgeons, there was 2-fold more educational content. Educational posts achieved the highest engagement in terms of \'likes\'. This study highlights how oral and maxillofacial surgeons can educate the general population and expand their reach.

Suture materials are natural or synthetic biomaterials used to close tissues together. After surgical procedures in the mouth, the surgical site and the sutures are physically affected by many different factors. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of frequently consumed beverages on the tensile strength of monofilament PGLA (polyglycolide-co-l-lactide) and multi-filament PGCL (polyglycolide-co-caprolactone) absorbable sutures. In particular, PGLA and PGCL absorbable sutures, which are frequently used in oral surgery, were used to evaluate the change in the strength of suture materials. The suture materials were soaked in tea, coffee, and cola drinks five times a day for 5 min each and the rest of the time in artificial saliva. All suture materials were aged via thermal cycling. Tensile strengths were tested at 0, 3, 7, and 14 days. Mixed ANOVA (four replicates: within-group comparison and two factors: between-group comparison) was performed to evaluate the effects of groups and time on the tension levels of the Tekmon and Vicryl suture materials. Analysis of Variance was used for the within- and between-group comparisons, with the Bonferroni corrected t-test for multiple comparisons. For the PGCL suture material, there were significant decreases in tension levels in artificial saliva, tea, coffee, and cola at time T3 compared to T0, T1, and T2, and at T1 and T2 compared to T0. For the PGLA suture material, there were significant decreases in tension levels in artificial saliva, tea, coffee, and cola at time T3 compared to T0, T1, and T2. There was also a significant decrease in tension level at time T2 in cola compared to T0. The present study demonstrates that beverages significantly decrease the strength of suture materials for 14 days after surgery. In particular, cola decreased the resistance of the PGCL suture material more significantly in the first week when compared to other beverages.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare the intra and postoperative complications of frenectomy procedure with a surgical scalpel versus 445 nm and 980 nm diode lasers.
METHODS: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 174 patients requiring maxillary labial frenectomy. After completion of fixed orthodontic treatment and primary closure of maxillary diastema, the patients were randomly assigned into three groups (n = 58): group 1 (frenectomy via 445 nm diode laser, continuous-wave, 1.5 W), group 2 (frenectomy via 980 nm laser, continuous-wave, 1.7 W), and control group (V-Y plasty technique via scalpel). Intra-operative bleeding, discomfort in chewing and speaking, pain, and tissue healing were compared among the groups immediately, at 7 and 30 days postoperatively using the Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and Chi-square tests.
RESULTS: Pain scores were significantly lower in group 1 compared to group 2 (immediately and day 7, P < 0.05). Significant faster tissue healing at days 7 and 30 were observed in group 1 compared to group 2 (P < 0.05). Group 1 was superior to the control group regarding lower intraoperative bleeding, discomfort in chewing and speaking (immediately and day 7), lower pain (immediately and day 7), and tissue healing (day 7) (P < 0.05 for all). Group 2 was significantly superior to the control group in lower intraoperative bleeding, discomfort in chewing and speaking (immediately and day 7), and better tissue healing (day 7) (P < 0.05 for all).
CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, diode laser frenectomy resulted in significantly lower intra and postoperative complications compared to the scalpel. Moreover, 445 nm diode laser showed significantly superior effects compared to 980 nm diode laser.
BACKGROUND: The study protocol was registered on 29.10.2022 at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials ( www.irct.ir ) (registration number: IRCT20220630055326N1).