背景:癌症,作为一个复杂的,异质性疾病,目前正在影响全球数百万人。即使最常见的传统治疗方法,即,化疗(CTx)和放疗(RTx),到目前为止在某些情况下是有效的,仍然迫切需要小说,治疗癌症类型的创新方法。在这种情况下,所有恶性肿瘤的12%是由肿瘤病毒引起的,例如人乳头瘤病毒(HPV),默克尔细胞多瘤病毒(MCPyV),EB病毒(EBV)人类疱疹病毒8(HHV-8),以及乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)和丙型肝炎病毒(HCV),世界上最贫穷的人也占所有人类癌症病例的80%。在这种背景下,纳米医学开发了基于纳米的药物递送系统(DDS),以满足对药物递送载体的需求,例如,细胞外囊泡(EV)。本文旨在探讨工程小型电动汽车(sEV)在抑制人类致癌病毒相关癌症中的潜力。
方法:我们使用几个国际数据库对2000年至2022年之间发表的研究进行了搜索,包括Scopus,PubMed,WebofScience,谷歌学者。我们还回顾了相关发表的文章中的其他证据。
结果:在这一行中,研究结果表明,电动汽车工程作为一个新领域正在见证新型电动汽车结构的发展,并有望在未来取得进展。EV可以在专门应用中进一步用作治疗或诊断工具。生物技术还被用于通过自上而下的策略创建基于母体分子的物理和化学性质的合成双层,大颗粒变成纳米大小的电动汽车。
结论:作为最后一点,与最传统的治疗相比,EV介导的治疗对身体的毒性更小,使它们成为更安全,更有效的选择。尽管到目前为止,许多体外研究已经测试了sEV的功效,仍需要进一步的研究来开发它们在动物和临床试验中的潜力,以获得这个有前途的平台的治疗益处。
BACKGROUND: Cancer, as a complex, heterogeneous disease, is currently affecting millions of people worldwide. Even if the most common traditional treatments, namely, chemotherapy (CTx) and radiotherapy (RTx), have been so far effective in some conditions, there is still a dire need for novel, innovative approaches to treat types of cancer. In this context,
oncoviruses are responsible for 12% of all malignancies, such as human papillomavirus (HPV), Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), as well as hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), and the poorest in the world also account for 80% of all human cancer cases. Against this background, nanomedicine has developed nano-based drug delivery systems (DDS) to meet the demand for drug delivery vectors, e.g., extracellular vesicles (EVs). This review article aimed to explore the potential of engineered small EVs (sEVs) in suppressing human oncovirus-associated cancers.
METHODS: Our search was conducted for published research between 2000 and 2022 using several international databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. We also reviewed additional evidence from relevant published articles.
RESULTS: In this line, the findings revealed that EV engineering as a new field is witnessing the development of novel sEV-based structures, and it is expected to be advanced in the future. EVs may be further exploited in specialized applications as therapeutic or diagnostic tools. The techniques of biotechnology have been additionally utilized to create synthetic bilayers based on the physical and chemical properties of parent molecules via a top-down strategy for downsizing complicated, big particles into nano-sized sEVs.
CONCLUSIONS: As the final point, EV-mediated treatments are less toxic to the body than the most conventional ones, making them a safer and even more effective option. Although many in vitro studies have so far tested the efficacy of sEVs, further research is still needed to develop their potential in animal and clinical trials to reap the therapeutic benefits of this promising platform.