体力活动(PA)给孕妇和胎儿带来许多好处;然而,大多数孕妇在怀孕期间不积极参与PA。
本研究旨在:(1)评估多理论模型(MTM)在解释中国孕妇PA行为意图方面的效用;(2)分析基于MTM启动和维持PA行为的预测因素。
2022年3月至6月,在杭州一所大学医院进行了一项包括孕妇在内的横断面研究。浙江省,中国。参与者完成了包括自行制定的人口统计数据调查表和29项MTM调查表在内的措施。采用描述性统计和逐步多元回归对数据进行分析。可靠性通过Cronbach的α和重测稳定性进行评估。采用探索性因素(EFA)分析和验证性因素分析(CFA)评价结构效度。
共有450名孕妇参加了这项研究。在怀孕期间启动和维持PA行为的意图程度得分为2.30(1.08)和2.24(1.09)。Cronbach的整体α值为0.857。确定了启动模型的四因素结构和维护模型的三因素结构。CFA的结果证实了子量表的结构有效性(初始模型:χ2=206.123,df=140,p<0.001,χ2/df=1.472,RMSEA=0.046,SRMR=0.0432,GFI=0.913,CFI=0.982;维持模型:χ2=49.742,df=29,p<0.001,χ2/df=1.SFI,RM0.9958回归结果表明,参与式对话(β=0.030;p=0.002),行为信心(β=0.128;p<0.001),物理环境变化(β=0.041;p=0.005),三个月(β=-0.192;p=0.001),妊娠糖尿病(GDM)(β=0.408;p<0.001)解释了启动PA行为的52.1%差异。情绪转换(β=0.197;p<0.001),变革实践(β=0.083;p=0.001),社会环境变化(β=0.063;p<0.001),孕前运动习惯(β=-0.251;p=0.001),GDM(β=0.298;p=0.003)与孕妇维持PA行为的意图显着相关,并解释了49.1%的差异。
MTM的构建体有效地解释了中国孕妇启动和维持PA行为的意图。
Physical activity (PA) brings many benefits to pregnant women and fetuses; however, the majority of pregnant women do not participate actively in PA during pregnancy.
This study aimed to: (1) assess the utility of Multi-Theory Model (MTM) to explain the intentions of PA behavior in Chinese pregnant women; (2) analyze the predictors in initiating and maintaining PA behavior based on MTM.
A cross-sectional study including pregnant women was conducted from March to June 2022 at a university hospital in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. Participants completed measures that included a self-developed demographic questionnaire and a 29-item MTM questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and stepwise multiple regression were used to analyze the data. The reliability was assessed by Cronbach\'s alpha and test-retest stability. The construct validity was evaluated by using exploratory factor (EFA) analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).
A total of 450 pregnant women participated in this study. The score of the magnitude of intention to initiate and maintain PA behavior during pregnancy was 2.30 (1.08) and 2.24 (1.09). The overall Cronbach\'s alpha value was 0.857. A four-factor structure for initiation model and a three-factor structure for maintenance model were determined. Results of the CFA confirmed construct validity of subscales (initiation model: χ2 = 206.123, df = 140, p < 0.001, χ2/df = 1.472, RMSEA = 0.046, SRMR = 0.0432, GFI = 0.913, CFI = 0.982; maintenance model: χ2 = 49.742, df = 29, p < 0.001, χ2/df = 1.715, RMSEA = 0.057, SRMR = 0.0432, GFI = 0.958, CFI 0.985). The result of regression indicated that participatory dialogue (β = 0.030; p = 0.002), behavioral confidence (β = 0.128; p < 0.001), changes in physical environment (β = 0.041; p = 0.005), trimester (β = -0.192; p = 0.001), and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) (β = 0.408; p < 0.001) explained 52.1% variance in initiating PA behavior. Emotional transformation (β = 0.197; p < 0.001), practice for change (β = 0.083; p = 0.001), changes in social environment (β = 0.063; p < 0.001), pre-pregnancy exercise habit (β = -0.251; p = 0.001), and GDM (β = 0.298; p = 0.003) were significantly associated with pregnant women\'s intentions to maintain PA behavior and explained 49.1% variance.
The constructs of MTM were effective in explaining the intention to initiate and maintain PA behavior among Chinese pregnant women.