PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Eating outside-of-home (EOH) is one of the main changes in lifestyle that occurred worldwide in the past few decades. Given that EOH behavior is influenced by individual and contextual factors, the utilization of a theory seems to be suitable in analyzing this health behavior. The fourth-generation theory multi-theory model (MTM) is designed exclusively for health behavior change at the individual and community levels. Therefore, the purpose of this analytical cross-sectional study was to investigate EOH behavior by using the MTM among a nationally representative sample in the United States (US). Data for this study were collected from April-May 2023 via a 61-item psychometric valid, web-based, structured survey disseminated via Qualtrics. Chi-square/Fisher\'s exact tests were used to compare categorical data, whereas the independent-samples t-test was used to compare the mean scores of MTM constructs across groups. Pearson correlation analysis was performed for the intercorrelation matrix between the MTM constructs and hierarchical regression models were built to predict the variance in the initiation and sustenance by certain predictor variables beyond demographic characteristics. The p values in the multiple comparisons were calculated by using adjusted residuals. Among a total of 532 survey respondents, 397 (74.6%) indicated being engaged in EOH at least twice a week, whereas 135 (25.4%) reported not being engaged in EOH. People who were engaged in EOH were younger (mean age = 42.25 ± 17.78 years vs. 55.89 ± 19.43 years) African American, (15.9% vs. 6.7%, p = 0.01), single or never married, (34.0% vs. 23.0%, p = 0.02), had a graduate degree (9.6% vs. 3.7%, p = 0.03), and were employed (72.0% vs. 34.8%, p < 0.001) as opposed to those who reported not being engaged in eating outside the home. Among the MTM constructs of initiation, \"behavioral confidence\" and \"changes in the physical environment\" were the significant predictors of initiating a reduction in EOH behavior and explained 48% of the variance in initiation. Among the MTM constructs of sustenance, \"emotional transformation\" and \"changes in the social environment\" were the significant predictors of sustaining a reduction in EOH behavior and explained 50% of the variance in sustenance. This study highlights a need to design MTM-based educational interventions that promote in-home eating instead of frequent EOH for health, family bonding, economic, and other reasons.
摘要：
在家外吃（EOH）是过去几十年来全球生活方式的主要变化之一。鉴于EOH行为受个人和环境因素的影响，理论的运用似乎适合分析这种健康行为。第四代理论多理论模型（MTM）专为个人和社区层面的健康行为改变而设计。因此,这项分析性横断面研究的目的是通过使用MTM在美国(US)的全国代表性样本中调查EOH行为.这项研究的数据是从2023年4月至5月收集的，通过61项心理测量学有效，基于网络的，通过Qualtrics传播的结构化调查。卡方/费舍尔精确检验用于比较分类数据，而独立样本t检验用于比较各组间MTM构建体的平均得分.对MTM结构之间的相互相关矩阵进行了Pearson相关性分析，并建立了分层回归模型，以通过人口统计特征以外的某些预测变量来预测启动和维持的方差。通过使用调整的残差计算多重比较中的P值。在总共532名受访者中，397（74.6％）表示每周至少两次参加EOH，而135人(25.4%)报告没有从事EOH。从事EOH的人较年轻（平均年龄=42.25±17.78岁与55.89±19.43岁）非洲裔美国人，（15.9%与6.7%,p=0.01),单身或从未结婚，（34.0%与23.0%,p=0.02),拥有研究生学位(9.6%与3.7%,p=0.03),并受雇(72.0%vs.34.8%,p<0.001），而不是那些报告没有在家外吃饭的人。在启动的MTM构建体中，“行为信心”和“物理环境的变化”是启动EOH行为减少的重要预测因素，并解释了启动变化的48％。在维持的MTM结构中，“情感转变”和“社会环境的变化”是维持EOH行为减少的重要预测因素，并解释了50％的生计差异。这项研究强调需要设计基于MTM的教育干预措施，以促进家庭饮食，而不是频繁的EOH，以促进健康。家庭纽带，经济,和其他原因。
