在水生环境中检测到越来越多的微塑料,对生物体造成各种损害。微塑料的大小一旦进入生物体就会影响毒性。同时,水生环境中存在越来越多的内分泌干扰化学物质(EDC)。雄烯二酮(AED)是典型的EDC。在这项研究中,我们使用80nm(NPs)和8μm(MPs)的聚苯乙烯微球作为材料,用AED模拟水生环境中的环境污染物。我们以雌性蚊子(Gambusiaaffinis)为研究对象,研究了微塑料对含有AED的水域中鱼类的影响。我们比较了鱼类某些组织中不同大小的颗粒积累和酶活性的变化(SOD,LDH,CAT),和肠道中MDA的含量。议员们,NPs,和AED联合暴露试验调查了免疫相关基因的mRNA谱(IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10)和激素受体基因(ARα,ARβ,ERα,鱼肝脏中的ERβ)。我们的结果表明,MPs出现在各种组织中(g,gut,gut和肝脏)的蚊子。此外,NPs和MPs在暴露48小时后引起肠道酶活性异常,这在国会议员-AED组中尤为明显。96h暴露后,MPs诱导炎症因子和性腺因子基因显著上调,这在与AED共同暴露时更为明显。总之,NPs和MPs惹起免疫毁伤和炎症反响的机制。发现国会议员比NP更容易引起不良反应,AED的综合作用增强了这些反应。这项研究表明,AED可以加剧MP和NP对蚊子的负面影响。为有效评估MPs和NPs对蚊子的生物富集和生化状态提供了重要依据。此外,它可以作为研究微塑料和EDC在生物体中的相互作用的基础。
An increasing number of microplastics have been detected in aquatic environments, causing various damage to organisms. The size of microplastics affects the toxicity once they enter the organisms. Meanwhile, there is an increasing variety of Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) present in aquatic environments. Androstenedione (AED) is a typical EDC. In this study, we used polystyrene microspheres of 80 nm (NPs) and 8 μm (MPs) as materials to simulate environmental contaminants in the aquatic environment with AED. We used female
mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) as the research object to investigate the effects of microplastics on fish in waters containing AED. We compared different sizes of particles accumulation in some tissues of fish and variation of enzyme activities (SOD, LDH, CAT), and the content of MDA in the gut. MPs, NPs, and AED combined exposure test investigated mRNA profiles of immune-related genes (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10) and hormone receptor genes (ARα, ARβ, ERα, ERβ) in the liver of fish. Our results indicated that MPs emerged in various tissues (gill, gut, and liver) of
mosquitofish. Besides, NPs and MPs caused enteric abnormal enzyme activity after 48 h of exposure, which was particularly pronounced in the MPs-AED group. MPs induced significant upregulation of inflammatory factors and gonadal factor genes after 96 h of exposure, which was more pronounced when co-exposed with AED. In conclusion, NPs and MPs caused mechanisms of immune damage and inflammatory response. MPs were found to be more likely to cause adverse reactions than NPs, and these responses were enhanced by the combined effects of AED. This study demonstrated that AED can exacerbate the negative effects of MPs and NPs on
mosquitofish. It provided an important basis for the effective assessment of MPs and NPs on bioaccumulation and biochemical status of
mosquitofish. Additionally, it serves as a foundation to investigate the interactive effects of microplastics and EDCs in living organisms.