背景:蚊媒疾病对全球公共卫生构成重大威胁,马来西亚的巴生谷在人口稠密的城市地区经历了多次疫情。
方法:本研究旨在评估巴生谷城市难民中抗登革热和抗基孔肯雅抗体的血清阳性率,马来西亚,并确定相关的危险因素。
结果:抗登革热免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和IgM的高血清阳性率(60.0%[置信区间{CI}55.39至64.48]和9.2%[CI6.77至12.25],分别)在>18岁的难民中观察到(χ22=11.720,p=0.003),克钦族(χ28=72.253,p<0.001),没有正规教育(χ21=3.856,p=0.050),废物处理地点附近的家庭(χ21=10.378,p=0.001)和经历过洪水的难民(χ21=5.460,p=0.019)。同时,抗基孔肯雅IgG和IgM的总体血清阳性率为9.7%(CI7.15至12.73)和10.8%(CI8.09至13.93),分别,年龄在12-18岁之间(χ22=6.075,p=0.048),罗兴亚人种族(χ28=31.631,p<0.001)和靠近废物处理地点的房屋(χ21=3.912,p=0.048)是重要的风险因素。结果显示与恶劣的环境生活条件有关,随着媒介种群的增加,繁殖地点的可用性更高,因此暴露于登革热和基孔肯雅病毒。
结论:社区健康教育是预防疾病的关键,因为没有特定的抗病毒药物治疗和有限的疫苗供应。
BACKGROUND: Mosquito-borne diseases pose a significant global public health threat, with Malaysia\'s Klang Valley experiencing numerous outbreaks in densely populated urban areas.
METHODS: This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of anti-dengue and anti-chikungunya antibodies among urban refugees in the Klang Valley, Malaysia, and identify associated risk factors.
RESULTS: High seroprevalence of anti-dengue immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM (60.0% [confidence interval {CI} 55.39 to 64.48] and 9.2% [CI 6.77 to 12.25], respectively) were observed among refugees >18 years of age (χ22=11.720, p=0.003), Kachin ethnicity (χ28=72.253, p<0.001), without formal education (χ21=3.856, p=0.050), homes near waste disposal sites (χ21=10.378, p=0.001) and refugees who have experienced flooding (χ21=5.460, p=0.019). Meanwhile, the overall seroprevalence of anti-chikungunya IgG and IgM was 9.7% (CI 7.15 to 12.73) and 10.8% (CI 8.09 to 13.93), respectively, with ages 12-18 years (χ22=6.075, p=0.048), Rohingya ethnicity (χ28=31.631, p<0.001) and homes close to waste disposal sites (χ21=3.912, p=0.048) being significant risk factors. Results showed a link to poor environmental living conditions, with an increase in the vector population with higher availability of breeding sites and thus exposure to dengue and chikungunya virus.
CONCLUSIONS: Health education among the community is the key to disease prevention, as there are no specific antiviral drugs for treatment and limited vaccine availability.