乳微生物群及其介导的代谢产物直接影响奶牛乳房的健康。菊粉,一种膳食益生元,可以调节胃肠道微生物群的概况。然而,菊粉的摄入是否会影响牛奶中的微生物种群和代谢产物,目前尚不清楚。在这项研究中,将40头亚临床型乳腺炎(SCM)奶牛随机分为5组。五个菊粉添加剂量,每头牛每天0、100、200、300和400克,基于相同的基础饮食,补充。实验持续了8周。结果显示牛奶中引起乳腺炎和促炎微生物的相对丰度较低(即,大肠杆菌志贺氏菌,假单胞菌,红球菌,伯克霍尔德菌-卡瓦列尼亚-帕拉布尔霍尔德菌,等。)和更高的益生菌和共生细菌丰度,如乳酸菌,双歧杆菌,等。,与对照组相比,每天饲喂300克菊粉的奶牛。同时,花生四烯酸促炎介质(白三烯E3,20-羧基-白三烯B4和12-Oxo-c-LTB3)和磷脂代谢物的水平降低,和具有抗菌和抗炎潜力的化合物的水平(前列腺素A1,8-异-15-酮-前列腺素E2[PGE2],等。)和参与能量代谢(柠檬酸,左旋肉碱,等。)被抬高了。这些数据表明,菊粉的摄入可能会调节肠外组织中的微生物区系和代谢物水平,比如乳腺,这为SCM的调节和缓解提供了替代方案。重要性牛奶中微生物群落和代谢活性的概况是乳房健康状况和牛奶质量的主要决定因素。最近的研究表明,饮食可以直接调节乳腺微生物组。菊粉是一种益生菌膳食纤维,可以改善胃肠道中的微生物群。然而,菊粉摄入是否能进一步调节牛奶中微生物群和代谢活动的特征尚不清楚.在亚临床乳牛中,我们发现补充菊粉可以降低大肠杆菌-志贺氏菌的丰度,假单胞菌,红球菌,和伯克霍尔德氏菌-卡波列氏菌-帕拉布尔霍尔德氏菌和(±)12,13-DiHOME的水平,白三烯E3和20-羧基-白三烯B4等。,虽然它提高了乳酸菌的丰度,双歧杆菌,和Muribaculaceae,以及前列腺素A1(PGA1)的水平,8-异-15-酮-PGE2,苯甲酸,等。在牛奶中。这些数据表明菊粉的摄入会影响牛奶中微生物和代谢物的分布,这为乳腺炎的调节提供了一种替代方法。
The milk microbiota and mediated metabolites directly affect the health of the udder in dairy cows. Inulin, a dietary prebiotic, can modulate the profile of gastrointestinal microbiota. However, whether the inulin intake affects the milk microbial population and metabolites remains unknown. In this study, 40 subclinical mastitis (SCM) cows were randomly divided into 5 groups. Five inulin addition doses, 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 g/day per cow, based on the same basal diet, were supplemented. The experiments lasted for 8 weeks. The results showed lower relative abundance of mastitis-causing and proinflammation microbes in milk (i.e., Escherichia-Shigella, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia, etc.) and higher abundances of probiotics and commensal bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, etc., in the cows fed 300 g/day inulin compared to that in the control group. Meanwhile, the levels of arachidonic acid proinflammatory mediators (leukotriene E3, 20-carboxy-leukotriene B4, and 12-Oxo-c-LTB3) and phospholipid metabolites were reduced, and the levels of compounds with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory potential (prostaglandin A1, 8-iso-15-keto-prostaglandin E2 [PGE2], etc.) and participating energy metabolism (citric acid, l-carnitine, etc.) were elevated. These data suggested that inulin intake might modulate the microflora and metabolite level in extraintestinal tissue, such as mammary gland, which provided an alternative for the regulation and mitigation of SCM. IMPORTANCE The profile of the microbial community and metabolic activity in milk are the main determinants of udder health status and milk quality. Recent studies have demonstrated that diet could directly modulate the mammary gland microbiome. Inulin is a probiotic dietary fiber which can improve the microbiota population in the gastrointestinal tract. However, whether inulin intake can further regulate the profile of the microbiota and metabolic activities in milk remains unclear. In subclinical mastitic cows, we found that inulin supplementation could reduce the abundance of Escherichia-Shigella, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, and Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia and the levels of (±)12, 13-DiHOME, leukotriene E3 and 20-carboxy-leukotriene B4 etc., while it elevated the abundance of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Muribaculaceae, as well as the levels of prostaglandin A1 (PGA1), 8-iso-15-keto-PGE2, benzoic acid, etc. in milk. These data suggest that inulin intake affects the profile of microorganisms and metabolites in milk, which provides an alternative for the regulation of mastitis.