PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Mother\'s milk contains a unique microbiome that plays a relevant role in offspring health. We hypothesize that maternal malnutrition during lactation might impact the microbial composition of milk and affect adequate offspring gut colonization, increasing the risk for later onset diseases. Then, Wistar rats were fed ad libitum (Control, C) food restriction (Undernourished, U) during gestation and lactation. After birth, offspring feces and milk stomach content were collected at lactating day (L)4, L14 and L18. The V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was sequenced to characterize bacterial communities. An analysis of beta diversity revealed significant disparities in microbial composition between groups of diet at L4 and L18 in both milk, and fecal samples. In total, 24 phyla were identified in milk and 18 were identified in feces, with Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteroidota and Bacteroidota collectively representing 96.1% and 97.4% of those identified, respectively. A higher abundance of Pasteurellaceae and Porphyromonas at L4, and of Gemella and Enterococcus at L18 were registered in milk samples from the U group. Lactobacillus was also significantly more abundant in fecal samples of the U group at L4. These microbial changes compromised the number and variety of milk-feces or feces-feces bacterial correlations. Moreover, increased offspring gut permeability and an altered expression of goblet cell markers TFF3 and KLF3 were observed in U pups. Our results suggest that altered microbial communication between mother and offspring through breastfeeding may explain, in part, the detrimental consequences of maternal malnutrition on offspring programming.
摘要：
母乳含有独特的微生物组，在后代健康中起着相关的作用。我们假设哺乳期间的母体营养不良可能会影响牛奶的微生物组成并影响后代的肠道定植。增加后期发病的风险。然后，随意饲喂Wistar大鼠(对照，C)食物限制(营养不良，U）在妊娠和哺乳期。出生后,在泌乳天(L)4、L14和L18收集后代粪便和乳胃内容物。对细菌16SrRNA基因的V3-V4区进行测序以表征细菌群落。对β多样性的分析表明，两种牛奶中L4和L18饮食组之间的微生物组成存在显着差异，和粪便样本。总的来说,在牛奶中鉴定出24门，在粪便中鉴定出18门，与Firmicutes，变形杆菌,放线菌群和拟杆菌群合计占已鉴定的96.1%和97.4%，分别。在U组的牛奶样品中，L4的巴氏杆菌科和卟啉单胞菌以及L18的Gemella和肠球菌的丰度更高。在L4时,U组的粪便样品中的乳杆菌也显著更丰富。这些微生物变化损害了牛奶-粪便或粪便-粪便细菌相关性的数量和种类。此外，在U幼鼠中观察到后代肠道通透性增加和杯状细胞标记物TFF3和KLF3的表达改变。我们的结果表明，通过母乳喂养改变母亲和后代之间的微生物交流可能解释，在某种程度上,产妇营养不良对后代规划的有害后果。
