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Abstract：
Breast milk is an unbeatable food that covers all the nutritional requirements of an infant in its different stages of growth up to six months after birth. In addition, breastfeeding benefits both maternal and child health. Increasing knowledge has been acquired regarding the composition of breast milk. Epidemiological studies and epigenetics allow us to understand the possible lifelong effects of breastfeeding. In this review we have compiled some of the components with clear functional activity that are present in human milk and the processes through which they promote infant development and maturation as well as modulate immunity. Milk fat globule membrane, proteins, oligosaccharides, growth factors, milk exosomes, or microorganisms are functional components to use in infant formulas, any other food products, nutritional supplements, nutraceuticals, or even for the development of new clinical therapies. The clinical evaluation of these compounds and their commercial exploitation are limited by the difficulty of isolating and producing them on an adequate scale. In this work we focus on the compounds produced using milk components from other species such as bovine, transgenic cattle capable of expressing components of human breast milk or microbial culture engineering.
摘要：
母乳是一种无与伦比的食物，涵盖了婴儿在出生后六个月内不同生长阶段的所有营养需求。此外,母乳喂养有利于母婴健康。已经获得了关于母乳成分的越来越多的知识。流行病学研究和表观遗传学使我们能够了解母乳喂养可能的终身影响。在这篇综述中，我们汇编了人乳中存在的一些具有明确功能活性的成分，以及它们促进婴儿发育和成熟以及调节免疫力的过程。牛奶脂肪球膜，蛋白质，寡糖，生长因子，牛奶外泌体，或微生物是用于婴儿配方食品的功能成分，任何其他食品，营养补充剂,营养食品，甚至是开发新的临床疗法。这些化合物的临床评价和它们的商业开发受到以适当规模分离和生产它们的困难的限制。在这项工作中，我们专注于使用其他物种如牛的牛奶成分生产的化合物，能够表达人类母乳成分的转基因牛或微生物培养工程。
