微生物生物传感器集成了不同类型的微生物,如细菌,微藻,真菌,和病毒已成为解决常规分析方法局限性的合适技术。生物传感器的主要应用包括对环境污染物的检测,致病细菌和与疾病相关的化合物,和食物质量。每种类型的微生物具有不同的检测目标分析物的机制的优点和缺点。此外,由于高通量分析和便携性的潜力,用于开发微生物生物传感器的遗传修饰有越来越大的趋势。许多评论文章讨论了微生物生物传感器的应用,但是他们中的许多人只关注基于细菌的生物传感器,尽管其他微生物也具有许多优点。此外,关于所有微生物作为生物传感器,特别是病毒和微生物燃料电池生物传感器的应用的综述仍然有限。因此,这篇综述总结了细菌的所有当前应用,microalgal-,真菌-,关于环境的基于病毒的生物传感器,食物,和医疗相关的应用。还讨论了每种微生物检测分析物的潜在机制。此外,还讨论了未来具有巨大潜力的微生物燃料电池生物传感器。尽管已经发现了许多有利的基于微生物的生物传感器,其他领域,如法医检测,早期发现可能导致大流行的细菌或病毒种类,其他人仍需要进一步调查。话虽如此,基于微生物的生物传感器具有广阔的应用潜力,其中各种微生物的生物传感性能在这篇综述中提出,以及解决微生物生物传感器相关问题的未来观点。
Microbial biosensor which integrates different types of microorganisms, such as bacteria, microalgae, fungi, and virus have become suitable technologies to address limitations of conventional analytical methods. The main applications of biosensors include the detection of environmental pollutants, pathogenic bacteria and compounds related to illness, and food quality. Each type of microorganisms possesses advantages and disadvantages with different mechanisms to detect the analytes of interest. Furthermore, there is an increasing trend in genetic modifications for the development of microbial biosensors due to potential for high-throughput analysis and portability. Many review articles have discussed the applications of microbial biosensor, but many of them focusing only about bacterial-based biosensor although other microbes also possess many advantages. Additionally, reviews on the applications of all microbes as biosensor especially viral and microbial fuel cell biosensors are also still limited. Therefore, this review summarizes all the current applications of bacterial-, microalgal-, fungal-, viral-based biosensor in regard to environmental, food, and medical-related applications. The underlying mechanism of each microbes to detect the analytes are also discussed. Additionally, microbial fuel cell biosensors which have great potential in the future are also discussed. Although many advantageous microbial-based biosensors have been discovered, other areas such as forensic detection, early detection of bacteria or virus species that can lead to pandemics, and others still need further investigation. With that said, microbial-based biosensors have promising potential for vast applications where the biosensing performance of various microorganisms are presented in this review along with future perspectives to resolve problems related on microbial biosensors.