背景:PiperbetleL.具有有效的抗微生物活性,被广泛用作治疗皮肤感染的传统药物。然而,目前尚无明确的证据表明,对引起犬伤口感染和脓皮病和人畜共患疾病的假中介葡萄球菌和耐甲氧西林假中介葡萄球菌(MRSP)机会性病原体具有抗菌和抗生物膜活性.
目的:研究了白葡萄酒提取物对假中间芽孢杆菌和MRSP菌株的抗菌和抗生物膜活性。
方法:通过肉汤微量稀释和时间杀灭试验,研究了胡杨的乙醇叶提取物对假中间芽孢杆菌和MRSP的抗菌作用。进行生物膜抑制和生产测定以评估抗生物膜和生物膜根除效果,分别。使用实时聚合酶链反应(PCR)进一步研究了生物膜相关基因的表达。通过分子对接分析了IcaA与槟榔中主要化合物之间可能的相互作用。
结果:提取物显示出250μg/mL的最小抑制浓度(MIC)。在处理4小时后,最初观察到对细菌的1MIC的P.betle的生长抑制。所有分离物在暴露于提取物18小时后被完全杀死。提取物对测试分离物的最小生物膜抑制浓度(MBIC)范围为1/2MIC至1MIC,而P.betle的最小生物膜根除浓度(MBEC)最初为8MIC。在代表性菌株中观察到定量抑制和根除作用。提取物在1/2MIC和1MIC值下抑制生物膜形成达100%,细菌生物膜被4MIC的提取物去除高达94.21%。提取物下调了产生生物膜的分离株中icaA基因的表达。最丰富的化合物,4-烯丙基-1,2-二乙酰氧基苯和丁香酚在-5.65和-5.31kcal/mol时与IcaA蛋白具有很强的亲和力,分别。
结论:P.槟榔提取物证明了抗菌,抗生物膜,以及对假中介链球菌和MRSP的生物膜去除活性。icaA基因表达的下调和蛋白质相互作用是影响生物膜产生的提取物的可能的作用模式。这种提取物显示出有望作为假中介链球菌感染的替代疗法,尤其是耐药和生物膜相关的病例。
BACKGROUND: Piper betle L. has potent of antimicrobial activity and is widely used as a traditional remedy to treat skin infections. However, no clear evidence exists concerning antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) opportunistic pathogens that cause wound infections and pyoderma in canines and zoonotic disease.
OBJECTIVE: The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of P. betle extract were assessed against S. pseudintermedius and MRSP strains.
METHODS: Ethanol leaf extract of P. betle was investigated for its antibacterial effect on S. pseudintermedius and MRSP by broth microdilution and time-kill assays. Biofilm inhibition and production assays were performed to evaluate antibiofilm and biofilm eradication effects, respectively. Biofilm-associated gene expression was further studied using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The possible interaction between IcaA and major compounds in P. betle was analyzed by molecular docking.
RESULTS: The extract showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 250 μg/mL. Growth inhibition of P. betle at 1 MIC against the bacteria was initially observed after treatment for 4 h. All isolates were completely killed after 18 h exposure to the extract. Minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations (MBICs) of the extract against the tested isolates ranged 1/2 MIC to 1 MIC, while minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) of P. betle was initialed at 8 MIC. Quantitative inhibition and eradication effects were observed in representative strains. The extract at 1/2 MIC and 1 MIC values inhibited biofilm formation up to 100%, with bacterial biofilm removed at up to 94.21% by 4 MIC of the extract. The extract downregulated the expression of the icaA gene among biofilm-producing isolates. The most abundant compounds, 4-allyl-1,2-diacetoxybenzene and eugenol showed a strong affinity with IcaA protein at -5.65 and -5.31 kcal/mol, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: P. betle extract demonstrated the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and biofilm-removal activity against S. pseudintermedius and MRSP. Downregulation of the icaA gene expression and protein interaction were possible modes of action of the extract that impacted biofilm production. This extract showed promise as an alternative treatment for S. pseudintermedius infection, especially drug-resistant and biofilm-associated cases.