OBJECTIVE: Parenchymal breast cysts are considered to be rare in men and are sparsely described in the literature. The purpose of this study was to review our institution\'s experience with male breast cysts in an effort to improve overall understanding and management of this rare entity.
METHODS: An institutional review board-exempt retrospective study was performed. Radiology reports for males who underwent mammogram and/or breast ultrasound at any of our institution\'s primary or satellite locations from January 1995 to January 2020 were screened to find males with breast cysts. If cysts were reported and images were available, case review was performed to confirm parenchymal breast cyst(s) and patient characteristics were collated.
RESULTS: Of 5425 male cases presenting for breast imaging, 19 (0.4%) cases of male breast cysts were confirmed, with a mean patient age of 41.6 years (range: 2-81 years). The most common indication leading to cyst discovery was a palpable lump, corresponding to the site of the cyst in 5 (26.3%) patients and near the site where cyst(s) were ultimately discovered in 7 (36.8%) patients. There were 8 (42.1%) instances of cysts without concurrent gynecomastia. Three (15.8%) men underwent needle sampling. There were no cases of atypia or malignancy on needle biopsy or on subsequent clinical follow-up, with median clinical follow-up of 70.3 months (range: 3.3-259.4 months).
CONCLUSIONS: Male breast parenchymal cysts are rare, but their prevalence is likely underestimated. If detected incidentally or upon targeted evaluation, biopsy may be averted if classic benign cyst features are identified.

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Breast abscess in males is a rare condition, which accounts for 1%-3% of all documented breast diseases. Males with certain risk factors may develop a breast abscess. The ultrasonographic, mammographic, and pathological characteristics of this case will be highlighted in the report. A 51-year-old morbidly obese Saudi male who is a 160-pack-years smoker presented to our surgical clinic complaining of a right breast mass that presented a long time ago and was changing in size. The mass was painless until 5 days prior to presentation. On physical examination, a firm nonmobile 3 × 4 cm mass was felt at 10-12-o\'clock, 1 cm away from the nipple. A bilateral X-ray mammogram and ultrasound were performed with fine needle aspiration and culture. The mammogram of the right breast showed a well-circumscribed subareolar mass with equal density, and it was also associated with overlying skin thickening and relative breast parenchymal edema. The fine needle aspiration grossly showed yellowish-green turbid content followed by turbid blood. The anaerobic culture results showed the gram-positive cocci, Finegoldia Magna. The patient was then instructed to take an antibiotic accordingly and return after 1 week. Fine needle aspiration and culture were performed again after antibiotics and grossly showed 2-3 cc of pus without any growth in culture. Male breast disorders are typically benign, with gynecomastia being the most prevalent, and malignancy being the most serious despite its rarity. Breast abscesses are a challenging clinical condition, and radiologists have a pivotal role in evaluation and follow-up of these lesions.

A 17-year-old male with chest malformation and left breast enlargement underwent surgery for gynecomastia. Histological examination revealed mammary fibrous stroma with ductal hyperplasia and features of pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia. Postoperative follow-up showed no complications, but 8 months later, the patient experienced a mild recurrence with enlargement of the nipple-areolar complex. Although recommended for secondary glandular resection, the patient declined further surgery.

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a poorly differentiated, aggressive form of B-cell non-Hodgkin\'s lymphoma. The clinical presentation of this disease is varied and may be nodal, extranodal, or both. BL of the breast, either primary or secondary, with bilateral breast involvement, is extremely rare. Herein, we present a case of BL in a 27-year-old male with unusual bilateral breast involvement.

UNASSIGNED: Primary breast lymphoma (PBL) is a very rare form of non-Hodgkin\'s lymphoma (NHL). A primary T-cell lymphoma in the breast with no previously identified lymphomatous lesions is an even rarer form of this malignancy.
UNASSIGNED: A biopsy of a breast mass in a 60-year-old Caucasian man showed a morphologic-immunophenotypic profile with features characteristic of an ALK-positive (AKT+), anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue of this lesion was performed at our institution for IRF4/DUSP22 gene rearrangement. No rearrangement was detected. The patient presented with mutations in the following genes; BCOR_p.Q600X, DNMT3A_p.F609fs, NOTCH1_p.P2320fs, and IDH2_p.R140Q. However, the patient\'s consultation was complicated by the fact that he had been diagnosed with breast cancer at a local hospital and had come to our institution for further consultation. The histology findings were confirmed by immunohistochemistry and FISH. Computed tomography and positron emission tomography did not reveal nodules elsewhere in the body, which allowed the staging of the patient to be completed. However, although the patient had previously received the chemotherapy CCOP regimen (ie, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisolone acetate) he did not go into remission in a timely manner and relapsed after six months, followed by a drastic deterioration in his condition after four months, resulting in his death in less than one month.
UNASSIGNED: This report of a male patient describes a case of a rare T-cell lymphoma of the breast that occurs considerably more frequently in female patients. The differential diagnosis of the histology of this tumor showed mutations that occur more often in lymphoblastic lymphoma or leukemia. This rare malignancy and associated mutations led to the death of this patient during treatment.

UNASSIGNED: Breast imaging for male patients is a controversial topic due to the high prevalence of gynecomastia compared to male breast cancer. Worldwide, men are undergoing more breast imaging despite the low incidence of male breast cancer. Gynecomastia is a benign condition, but the anxiety it causes and unnecessary medical costs are still high.
UNASSIGNED: In accordance with Royal College of Radiology guidelines, a retrospective study was performed in two cycles to determine if mammography or ultrasound should be included in the workup of male patients who were referred to a breast care unit for a lump that was deemed benign by doctors.
UNASSIGNED: There was 100% concordance between clinical diagnosis and imaging findings.
UNASSIGNED: In this population imaging was not necessary in cases of probable gynecomastia and benign conditions found during a clinical assessment. Standardised patient assessment methods can improve care and ensure accurate evaluation.