背景:了解当地生态知识(LEK)如何随时间演变对于培养社会和环境责任至关重要。本研究旨在建立植物知识循环的概念模型,提供对波兰-立陶宛-白俄罗斯边境地区LEK时间动态的见解。它探讨了使用野生植物作为食物的变化背后的关键模式和驱动力。
方法:在波德拉西省(波兰)的60个农村居民区进行了实地研究,维尔纽斯地区(立陶宛),和Hrodna地区(白俄罗斯)。这包括200次半结构化访谈和两个当地社区的参与者观察,立陶宛人和波兰人。为了评估野生食物使用的时间动态,我们表演了一个跨种族的,随着时间的推移进行跨境分析,将数据分为三个主要的时间维度:过去,连续,以及最近获得的用途。
结果:在波兰-立陶宛-白俄罗斯边境的波兰人或立陶宛人报告的72个野生植物类群中,47个连续用于食物,58是过去使用的,最近收购了41家。跨国趋势相似,波兰展示了更多过去的用途。在每个研究国家中,波兰人和立陶宛人之间的历时比较没有显着差异。最近获得的分类单元与过去连续使用的分类单元有很大重叠。最多样化的分类单元显示出最大的重叠。通过观察特定植物类群在不同时间维度内的运动,我们区分了重叠的流量变化:保留(3个分类单元),衰变(11),发明(8),停滞(17),振兴(6),再发明(3),和运动中的知识(24)。野生食用植物使用的变化受到环境条件变化的影响,政府政策,文化习俗,和经济因素。
结论:这项研究的发现对于改进追踪LEK变化的方法以及增强我们对人与自然关系的理解具有重要意义。我们的结果强调了在不同方向上考虑知识随时间循环的重要性。认识到知识流通的各个阶段可能有助于寻求可持续的解决方案,以平衡人类社区的需求与环境保护。
BACKGROUND: Understanding how Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) evolves over time is crucial for fostering social and environmental responsibility. This study aims to develop a conceptual model of plant knowledge circulation, providing insights into the temporal dynamics of LEK in the Polish-Lithuanian-Belarusian border region. It explores the key patterns and driving forces behind changes in the use of wild plants for food.
METHODS: Field research was conducted in 60 rural settlements across Podlasie Voivodeship (Poland), Vilnius Region (Lithuania), and Hrodna Region (Belarus). This included 200 semi-structured interviews and participant observation among two local communities, Lithuanians and Poles. To assess the temporal dynamics of wild food use, we performed a cross-ethnic, cross-border analysis over time, dividing the data into three major temporal dimensions: past, continuous, and recently acquired uses.
RESULTS: Of the 72 wild plant taxa reported by Poles or Lithuanians in the Polish-Lithuanian-Belarusian borderland, 47 were continuously used for food, 58 were utilised in the past, and 41 were recently acquired. Cross-country trends were similar, with Poland showing more past uses. Diachronic comparisons between Poles and Lithuanians in each studied country revealed no significant differences. Recently acquired taxa overlapped considerably with those used continuously and in the past. The most diversely utilised taxa showed the greatest overlaps. By observing the movement of specific plant taxa within various time dimensions, we distinguished overlapping flow variations: retention (3 taxa), decay (11), invention (8), stagnation (17), revitalisation (6), re-invention (3), and knowledge in motion (24). Shifts in the use of wild food plants were influenced by changes in environmental conditions, governmental policies, cultural practices, and economic factors.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study have important implications for improving methods of tracking changes in LEK and enhancing our understanding of the relationship between people and nature. Our results underscore the importance of considering knowledge circulation over time in different directions. Recognising the various stages of knowledge circulation might help in pursuing sustainable solutions that balance the needs of human communities with environmental protection.