PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Fungi have been used for medicinal purposes for many centuries. This study, based on 35 historical written sources and 581 in-depth semi-structured interviews from eight countries in the western borderlands of the former Soviet Union, investigates the medicinal use of fungi by local communities. We compared the taxa and uses obtained from fieldwork and historical sources with works that advocated fungi use within Soviet herbals, representing the centralised medical system. During fieldwork, we identified eight locally used fungi and one lichen. The highest numbers of medicinal uses were documented in Russia, Estonia and Ukraine. Studies published before the Soviet era listed 21 fungal taxa and one lichen species used in the study region. However, only six of these taxa were mentioned as used by people in our field studies (Amanita muscaria, Boletus edulis, Lycoperdon, Morchella, Phallus impudicus and Cetraria islandica). Notably, these same six taxa were consistently endorsed in Soviet herbals. Of the remaining three taxa recorded in the fieldwork, none were mentioned in historical written sources. However, they were promoted either in Soviet herbals (Inonotus obliquus, Kombucha) or later popular publications (Cantharellus cibarius). This highlights the significant influence of written sources on the use of fungi for medicinal purposes within the studied local communities.
摘要：
许多世纪以来，真菌一直被用于医疗目的。这项研究,根据35个历史书面资料和来自前苏联西部边境地区八个国家的581次深入半结构化采访，调查当地社区对真菌的药用。我们将从野外工作和历史来源获得的分类单元和用途与提倡在苏联草药中使用真菌的作品进行了比较，代表集中式医疗系统。在实地考察期间,我们确定了八种当地使用的真菌和一种地衣。在俄罗斯记录了最多的医疗用途，爱沙尼亚和乌克兰。在苏联时代之前发表的研究列出了该研究地区使用的21种真菌分类群和一种地衣物种。然而,在我们的实地研究中，只有六个类群被人们提到使用(Amanitamuscaria，牛肝菌,Lycoperdon,羊肚菌,PhallusimputicusandCetrariaislandica)。值得注意的是,这六个类群在苏联草药中一直得到认可。在野外工作中记录的其余三个分类单元中，历史书面资料中没有提到。然而,它们要么在苏联草药中得到推广(Inonotusoblequus，康普茶）或后来的流行出版物（Cantharelluscibarius）。这凸显了书面来源对所研究的当地社区内用于医疗目的的真菌的重大影响。
