背景:天然产物具有光学活性,具有不寻常的结构特征或特定的立体选择性,主要包括螺环系统或季碳原子。用于天然产物纯化的昂贵且耗时的方法,特别是具有生物活性的天然产物,鼓励化学家在实验室合成这些化合物。由于它们在药物发现和化学生物学中的重要作用,天然产物已成为合成有机化学的主要领域。今天可用的大多数药用成分是源自自然资源的治疗剂,比如植物,草药,和其他天然产品。
方法:使用ScienceDirect的三个数据库编译材料,PubMed,谷歌学者。对于这项研究,只有英文出版物根据其标题进行了评估,摘要,和全文。
结果:从天然产物中开发生物活性化合物和药物仍然具有挑战性,尽管最近取得了进展。一个主要的挑战不是是否可以合成目标,而是如何有效和实际地合成目标。大自然有能力以微妙但有效的方式创造分子。一种方便的方法是模仿微生物天然产物的生物发生,植物,或合成天然产物的动物。受到自然界中发生的机制的启发,合成策略有助于实验室合成具有复杂结构的天然化合物。
结论:在这篇综述中,我们详细阐述了自2008年以来进行的天然产品的最新合成,并使用生物启发方法提供了该研究领域的最新概述(涵盖2008-2022年),包括Diels-Alder二聚化,光环加成,环化,以及氧化和自由基反应,这将为仿生反应提供容易的前体。本研究提出了合成生物活性骨骼产物的统一方法。
BACKGROUND: Natural products have optical activities with unusual structural characteristics or specific stereoselectivity, mostly including spiro-ring systems or quaternary carbon atoms. Expensive and time-consuming methods for natural product purification, especially natural products with bioactive properties, have encouraged chemists to synthesize those compounds in laboratories. Due to their significant role in drug discovery and chemical biology, natural products have become a major area of synthetic organic chemistry. Most medicinal ingredients available today are healing agents derived from natural resources, such as plants, herbs, and other natural products.
METHODS: Materials were compiled using the three databases of ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar. For this study, only English-language publications have been evaluated based on their titles, abstracts, and full texts.
RESULTS: Developing bioactive compounds and drugs from natural products has remained challenging despite recent advances. A major challenge is not whether a target can be synthesized but how to do so efficiently and practically. Nature has the ability to create molecules in a delicate but effective manner. A convenient method is to imitate the biogenesis of natural products from microbes, plants, or animals for synthesizing natural products. Inspired by the mechanisms occurring in the nature, synthetic strategies facilitate laboratory synthesis of natural compounds with complicated structures.
CONCLUSIONS: In this review, we have elaborated on the recent syntheses of natural products conducted since 2008 and provided an updated outline of this area of research (Covering 2008-2022) using bioinspired methods, including Diels-Alder dimerization, photocycloaddition, cyclization, and oxidative and radical reactions, which will provide an easy access to precursors for biomimetic reactions. This study presents a unified method for synthesizing bioactive skeletal products.