We present an unusual case of a woman in her early 50s with a slow-growing calvarial exostosis. Exostoses are bony spurs or osteomas extending outward beyond a bone\'s surface and may be benign or malignant. Calvarial exostoses are a less common bone tumor that can occur in the population. We present a case of a rare, slow-growing calvarial exostosis with a combination of mandibular tori and a congenital iris cyst. We discuss differentials of this exostosis and different syndromes that may cause it such as hereditary multiple exostoses and Gardner syndrome. The current article aims to spread awareness of this atypical presentation of exostoses and present our institution\'s surgical proposition for removing a calvarial exostosis to obtain a further histological analysis of its composition. As these masses may commonly be benign, a definitive diagnosis cannot be made through imaging alone to rule out more threatening conditions. We have addressed radiological findings and diagnostic and treatment options offered to the patient. The patient decided not to move forward with removing the mass and would continue to monitor and return should she notice any unusual or acute changes.

The iris is a unique structure, with exquisite variations in colour and form. Pathological changes, specifically including iris cysts and tumours are relatively uncommon, difficult to diagnose, and yet potentially blinding or life-threatening. Based on a comprehensive literature review, with highly illustrated key case examples, this report aims to guide the clinician in filtering the differential diagnoses of iris cysts and tumours. Evaluation is in the context of key diagnostic clinical tools and management considerations. Diagnostic imaging techniques include serial anterior segment photography, ultrasound, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and iris fluorescein angiography, however, the roles of computerised topography and magnetic resonance imaging are also considered in this review. Management includes categorisation in terms of solid iris tumours (melanocytic vs. non-melanocytic), or iris cysts (primary vs. secondary) that may be usefully differentiated by clinical assessment, avoiding more invasive interventions. Cystic lesions are generally benign, although implantation cysts in particular cause significant complications and surgical challenges. Most solid tumours are melanocytic and also typically benign. However, in larger lesions, rapid growth, symptoms and complications more likely indicate malignancy, requiring further investigation.

UNASSIGNED: Cysts of the iridociliary complex could be primary or secondary. Small and asymptomatic iris cysts can be monitored, whereas larger cysts require treatment as they can cause severe complications. Treatment modalities can range from minimally invasive techniques to aggressive surgical procedures.
METHODS: We report the case of an 11-year-old child who applied to our department with blurred vision. The anterior segment examination of the right eye revealed an oval, light brown, semi translucid cyst, located in the iris extending to corneal endothelium. The iris cyst was managed surgically. A pigment magma on the anterior surface of the lens was observed and was respected in order not to induce a cataract. Surgical treatment consisted of total removal of the external cyst layer.
UNASSIGNED: There are numerous different methods for treating iris cysts. The main goal of treatment is to be as little intrusive as possible. Cysts that are small, stable, and asymptomatic can be observed. To avoid major issues, larger cysts may need to be treated. When less intrusive treatments have failed, surgery is always the final option. In our case, the post-traumatic iris cyst was immediately treated surgically by aspiration followed by excision of its wall, because of the significant visual disturbance, the age of the patient, and the corneal endothelial touch.
CONCLUSIONS: Surgical intervention remains the last option, especially when less invasive options did not reveal to be successful due to the extensive nature of the lesion.

UNASSIGNED: To present a novel technique utilizing fibrin glue-assisted adhesion as adjuvant to fine needle aspiration for management of post-surgical peripheral iris stromal cyst.
UNASSIGNED: A 61 year-old male presented with a 4.20 × 7.56 × 8.22 mm well-circumscribed, fluid-filled peripheral cystic lesion involving the central visual axis with local posterior displacement of the intraocular lens. Surgical drainage was performed with the adjuvant use of fibrin glue to enhance the annealing of cyst walls. The patient tolerated the procedure without significant complications. At final post-operative visit, vision improved to 20/30 and there was no recurrence of the cyst.
UNASSIGNED: To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the use of fibrin glue to successfully treat a post-surgical peripheral iris stromal cyst. Fibrin glue may serve as an effective alternative to ethanol and sclerosing agents in the management of iris cysts.

An iris cyst is a nonkeratinized squamous epithelial-lined space involving a layer of iris. The presentation of iris cyst can be variable-innocuous or presenting with secondary complications. The identification of whether the cyst is primary or secondary is important. The prognosis of primary iris cysts is good, as the majority does not require treatment and that of secondary iris cysts is much more capricious depending on their presentation. Their optimal management often poses a challenge for ophthalmologists. Here, we will present two cases of iris cysts with diverse presentation along with a review of the literature of this rare clinical entity.

UNASSIGNED: To report on the utility of intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) in the treatment of a traumatic iris cyst with aspiration and alcohol injection.
UNASSIGNED: A 61-year-old male, with a past ocular history of a left corneoscleral laceration in 1982, presented with gradual onset of blurring of vision in 2021. Examination revealed a large iris stromal cyst. He subsequently underwent iOCT guided iris stromal cyst aspiration and absolute alcohol injection.
UNASSIGNED: Our case demonstrated the efficacy of iOCT to aid in direct visualization and safe guidance of the alcohol into the iris cyst, reducing the risk of collateral damage.

UNASSIGNED: We introduce a case with creamy white pearl-like keratin cysts in the anterior chamber after a penetrating injury associated with eyelash implantation.
UNASSIGNED: A 5-year-old girl presented with a history of penetrating corneal injury with a knife ten months ago. An eyelash was removed from the anterior chamber during her previous primary repair. Her parents complained about the presence of a white mass in her repaired eye, which had appeared about nine months after surgery. After the visco-expression of these solid masses, the histopathological evaluation revealed keratinous material surrounded by multinucleated giant cells.
UNASSIGNED: In a case of post-traumatic implantation of eyelash into the anterior chamber, despite removing the cilia, cysts may develop, which suggests proliferating epithelial cells embedded within the anterior chamber.

OBJECTIVE: Iris cysts may arise secondary to surgical or nonsurgical trauma, potentially leading to corneal decompensation via mechanical injury to the adjacent endothelium. However, no well-established protocol exists for the treatment for corneal edema arising therefrom.
METHODS: A 58-year-old white male presented with an iris mass of his left eye; it occupied 1/3rd the anterior chamber volume and directly contacted the corneal endothelium. The cornea was diffusely edematous, and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measured 20/70 (0.3). Corneal endothelial decompensation secondary to iris cyst was diagnosed. Treatment consisted of endophotocoagulation and vitrectomy probe removal of the cyst wall, with Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) also performed as a single, combined procedure. The patient subsequently experienced a resolution of his corneal edema and disappearance of his iris cyst, without recurrence of either condition. BCVA improved to 20/25 (0.8).
CONCLUSIONS: Iris cyst may be a rare cause of corneal decompensation. Viable treatment may entail a single-stage procedure involving endophotocoagulation and vitrectomy probe application to the cyst wall combined with DMEK.

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of iris implantation cysts occurring 24 years after penetrating keratoplasty and its management.
METHODS: A 60-year-old man was referred for diagnosis and management of white iris masses of the right eye. He had undergone bilateral penetrating keratoplasty 24 years before without complication. The clinical findings were suggestive of iris implantation cysts and Ultrasound Biomicroscopy (UBM) and anterior-segment optical coherence tomography confirmed the diagnosis. The patient did not develop any ocular complications from the cysts after one-year follow-up from the diagnosis of iris implantation cysts.
CONCLUSIONS: Iris implantation cysts are rare benign tumors that develop after the ectopic implantation of epithelial cells within the iris stroma. They can be congenital or secondary to penetrating trauma or surgery. Their diagnosis relies on clinical examination and UBM. In case of intraocular complications, treatment may be required, otherwise observational follow-up is appropriate.

Aim: To report the optical characteristics of the fluid in an anterior chamber iris cyst. Method: A 26-year-old male presented with blurring of vision in his right eye for two months, without any other associated ocular complaints. His visual acuity was 6/ 9 on Snellen\'s chart. On slit lamp examination, a small translucent pigmented cyst was noted inferiorly in the anterior chamber, struck on to the cornea at 6 o\'clock periphery, without any feeder vessel. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed a cystic lesion with hyperreflective walls and hypo reflective lumen attached to the cornea, compressing the endothelium. Results: The optical density (OD) of the cyst fluid was determined using ImageJ, an open code Java-based image processing software. The OD of cyst fluid was found comparable to the anterior chamber fluid. Conclusion: Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and OCT are useful tools for the diagnosis of cystic lesions of the anterior segment. The innovative use of an OCT image and the ImageJ software to determine the optical density of the iris cyst may aid in the diagnosis and follow-up of such cases.