BACKGROUND: The success of big data initiatives depends on public support. Public involvement and engagement could be a way of establishing public support for big data research.
OBJECTIVE: This review aims to synthesize the evidence on public involvement and engagement in big data research.
METHODS: This scoping review mapped the current evidence on public involvement and engagement activities in big data research. We searched 5 electronic databases, followed by additional manual searches of Google Scholar and gray literature. In total, 2 public contributors were involved at all stages of the review.
RESULTS: A total of 53 papers were included in the scoping review. The review showed the ways in which the public could be involved and engaged in big data research. The papers discussed a broad range of involvement activities, who could be involved or engaged, and the importance of the context in which public involvement and engagement occur. The findings show how public involvement, engagement, and consultation could be delivered in big data research. Furthermore, the review provides examples of potential outcomes that were produced by involving and engaging the public in big data research.
CONCLUSIONS: This review provides an overview of the current evidence on public involvement and engagement in big data research. While the evidence is mostly derived from discussion papers, it is still valuable in illustrating how public involvement and engagement in big data research can be implemented and what outcomes they may yield. Further research and evaluation of public involvement and engagement in big data research are needed to better understand how to effectively involve and engage the public in big data research.
UNASSIGNED: RR2-https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050167.

BACKGROUND: Dental caries is prevalent among children, including those with disabilities. Although the World Health Organization recommends school-based oral health promotion (OHP) programmes involving teachers, limited research has explored teachers\' roles and perspectives.
OBJECTIVE: To assess special education teachers\' involvement and difficulties regarding oral health education (OHE), attitudes towards OHP and barriers to oral healthcare access for students with disabilities (SWDs).
METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, involved 264 special education teachers using a validated, self-administered questionnaire, and descriptive and analytical statistics were used for data analysis.
RESULTS: Only 39% of teachers incorporated OHE into their teaching, and just 20.8% received training for OHE delivery. Teachers showed strong support for integrating OHE into the curriculum (84.1%) and a no-sugar policy (78%). There was, however, less support for school-based toothbrushing (39%). OHE barriers included insufficient resources (56.1%), limited knowledge (29.2%) and misconceptions about primary teeth removal (47.4%). The three most common barriers to oral healthcare access were extended waiting lists (75.0%), long waiting times (73.1%) and fear of dental equipment (67.4%).
CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the need for collaboration between healthcare professionals, educators and parents to enhance OHE and reinforce OHP for SWDs within special education and beyond.

BACKGROUND: Participation in occupations is considered essential for individuals\' health and wellbeing. Participation is a multidimensional construct that encompasses objective and subjective dimensions that transform over the course of life. Nonetheless, there is a lack of comprehensive measures that examine young adults\' participation in age-appropriate activities. Therefore, we developed the Young Adults\' Daily Participation Scale (YADAPS) and aimed to explore its psychometric properties.
METHODS: In Study 1, the content validity of the YADAPS was established based on nine experts. Its internal consistency, criterion, convergent, and construct validity were explored among 115 typical young adults (21-35 years). Using a different sample, Study 2 examined YADAPS discriminant validity among 33 young adults with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and 52 typical peers.
UNASSIGNED: No consumer and community involvement was included in these studies.
RESULTS: The relevance of YADAPS items was sufficient. Internal consistency was acceptable to excellent in most scales (.74 ≤ α ≤ .89). Criterion validity was supported by correlations between the subjective participation scales and a wellbeing measure. Convergent validity was found for all scales. No gender effect was observed (p ≥ .05). However, significant differences (p ≤ .05) were found between individuals with and without DCD.
CONCLUSIONS: The YADAPS appears to be a promising measure of objective and subjective dimensions of participation in young adults. The results support the importance of examining various participation dimensions, including occupational experience. Thus, it may be used for clinical purposes among young adults as well as for occupational science research, to broaden our understanding on the interplay between participation dimensions in various life situations in young adulthood. However, further research is needed on psychometric properties, the most suited scoring method, and to consolidate their robustness among diverse populations of young adults.
CONCLUSIONS: Participation, or how one engages in daily life activities, greatly affects wellbeing. The activities in one\'s routine change over the lifespan, in accordance with one\'s developmental phase. Existing assessments of participation have limitations, like not considering young adults\' concerns or only focussing on certain aspects of participation. By focussing on both the objective-observable and subjective-experiential aspects of participation, the Young Adults\' Daily Participation Scale (YADAPS) strives to be a comprehensive assessment tool designed specifically for reflecting activities relevant in young adulthood. This manuscript provides preliminary validity and reliability for the YADAPS, a new questionnaire that assesses objective and subjective aspects of participation in activities relevant for individuals in young adulthood. Furthermore, the questionnaire is able to distinguish between young adults with and without participation difficulties; therefore, it is suitable for research and clinical use.

BACKGROUND: Historically, researchers have been apt at conducting research on, rather than with, the people who are the focus of their efforts. Such approaches often fail to effectively support and benefit the populations they are intended to. This study aimed to explore the preferences of people with lived experience for engagement with research either as research participants within studies, or through active involvement in mental health research.
METHODS: Data for this paper were collected in three separate lived experience agenda-setting studies conducted over a 9-year period from 2013 to 2022; two group discussions and an open-ended online survey. Data were combined and thematic analysis undertaken.
RESULTS: Participants described the inclusion of lived experience as a critical ingredient and the highest level of knowledge and expertise in mental health research that should lead to knowledge generation and research agendas. Participants discussed the importance and value of research that enables sharing experiences and stories, expressed a need for flexibility in research methods for choice and agency, and support for greater active involvement of people with lived experience across all stages of research. Participants also spoke to the need for perspective and knowledge generated from people with lived experience to have equal power in research, making space for lived experience voices across multiple aspects of research, and greater respect and recognition of the value of lived experience.
CONCLUSIONS: Lived experience in mental health research is coming of age, but dedicated, cocreated development is needed to get it right. People with lived experience increasingly understand the value their experiential knowledge brings to the mental health research effort, and describe a wide range of ways that researchers can support them to be research participants, and to get actively involved. Power-sharing, respect and recognition of lived experience as central to effective mental health research are the keys to \'keeping it real\'.
UNASSIGNED: People with lived experience of mental health problems or distress either personally, and/or as carers, family and kinship group members, were involved in the coideation and codesign of this research. All authors identify as people with lived experience.

BACKGROUND: There is growing interest in client engagement in pediatric rehabilitation. This article investigated the psychometric properties of a measure of service providers\' perceptions of the affective, cognitive and behavioural engagement of both children with disabilities and their parents in pediatric rehabilitation therapy sessions.
METHODS: Test-retest reliability of the Pediatric Rehabilitation Intervention Measure of Engagement-Service Provider version (PRIME-SP) was examined using engagement ratings made by 60 service providers for 77 children and 73 parents. Construct validity was examined using the known-group validity technique, utilizing service providers\' ratings of the engagement of parents and their children attending the same session with the service provider. We hypothesized that there would be significantly different, yet moderately correlated engagement ratings for children and their parents.
RESULTS: There was evidence of moderate test-retest reliability for the child ratings, indicative of dynamicity across occasions, but also a degree of consistency, as aligned with our expectations. Service providers\' ratings of parent and child engagement were not significantly correlated and paired t-tests indicated significantly higher engagement scores for parents than children.
CONCLUSIONS: The study provides preliminary evidence to support the reliability and validity of the PRIME-SP as a tool for service providers to document, reflect on and monitor child and/or parent engagement.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and map the evidence on interventions facilitating the involvement of relatives of patients with an acquired brain injury (ABI) or a malignant brain tumour (MBT).
BACKGROUND: An ABI or a MBT are severe diseases that have profound impact on the lives of patients and their relatives. The well-being of the patient may be deteriorated, and relatives may experience a new role and changing caregiving tasks. Involvement of relatives seems essential, and there is a need for identifying interventions facilitating the involvement.
METHODS: Scoping review.
METHODS: The Joanna Briggs Institute methodology was used in this review and the review was reported in accordance with the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews.
METHODS: The literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane Library. Reference lists of included studies, Google Scholar and Web of Science were also searched.
RESULTS: In total, 46 studies were included of which 36 (78%) involved patients with stroke. Median duration of study interventions were 8 weeks, and nurses were involved as providers of the intervention in 23 (50%) studies. Thirty (65%) studies used a multicomponent intervention. Thirty-five unique outcomes were identified using 60 unique outcome measurements.
CONCLUSIONS: Interventions facilitating the involvement of relatives differed importantly in key characteristics of study interventions, and in relation to the context in which they were used. There was no consensus regarding choice of outcomes and outcome measurements. Our results highlight the complexity of interventions in this field.
UNASSIGNED: To our knowledge this is the first scoping review examining interventions facilitating the involvement of relatives of patients with an acquired brain injury or a malignant brain tumour. This review suggests a clear definition of \'involvement\' in future research and there is a need of development of a core outcome set for use in interventions facilitating the involvement.
UNASSIGNED: The scoping review was reported in accordance with the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews.
UNASSIGNED: The authors decided to undertake this scoping review without patient and public contribution. However, the protocol was published prior to review conduct and available to the public but we did not receive any comments on it.

BACKGROUND: The first agent of socialisation is the family, who are expected to facilitate the inclusion of children in societal activities. While mothers\' voices have been widely captured in the literature regarding their experiences raising children with disabilities, fathers\' perceptions of their knowledge of and involvement in the development of children with disabilities have been understudied, particularly in non-Western contexts.
OBJECTIVE: The main aim of this study was to examine fathers\' perceptions of their involvement in raising children with disabilities in the United Arab Emirates.
METHODS: In total, 469 fathers were recruited to understand their involvement in raising their children with disabilities. The Fathers\' Involvement in Development and Rehabilitation Scale was used to collect data, which were analysed using SPSS and AMOS.
RESULTS: The results showed that fathers rated themselves highly for their attitudes, support, and participation in training to support their children with disabilities. Demographic variables, such as nationality and educational qualifications, provided additional insight into their involvement in raising their children with disabilities.
CONCLUSIONS: The study concludes with suggestions for training programmes to change fathers\' attitudes towards children with disabilities, as such programmes can enable them to better support their children\'s development.

BACKGROUND: Pickleball has grown tremendously in recent years, yet little evidence exists regarding pickleball-related injuries. This scoping review extends current work on pickleball participation by identifying positive and negative health effects associated with the sport. We summarize how pickleball impacts the health and well-being of adult participants.
METHODS: Searches were conducted on MEDLINE, CINAHL, ProQuest Nursing, ERIC, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, Scopus, CBCA Complete, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Selected studies considered aspects of health and/or well-being of adult pickleball participants. Using the population/concept/context framework, participants were healthy, able-bodied adults 18 years of age or over, who had played pickleball at least once. The positive and negative outcomes of pickleball on participants\' health and well-being (concept) within the context of pickleball participation were examined. Full-text articles written in English since 2013 were included. Extracted data were tabulated, and a descriptive summary with thematic analysis was completed.
RESULTS: This scoping review comprised 27 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Pickleball is promising as an exercise intervention for all adults, and there is evidence of positive social and psychological effects, and health and fitness benefits to participating in pickleball by older adults.
CONCLUSIONS: Although we are still in the early stages of studying pickleball, there have been some documented health benefits of using the sport as a physical exercise intervention for adults. More research is needed on the types, prevalence, and severity of pickleball injuries and the sport\'s impact on younger players.

Objective This study aims to investigate breast cancer lymph node involvement in a West Indian population while correlating it with various histological parameters and evaluating the role of the sentinel lymph node biopsy. Method This is a retrospective study where histology reports for all breast cancer-related biopsies from 2018 to 2021, totaling 813 samples, were obtained. Histological parameters from these reports were extracted into a spreadsheet and analyzed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS, version 28.0; IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Armonk, NY) software for TNM staging and axillary and sentinel lymph node dissections, among other fields found in histology reports. Results In 44.8% of cases, patients present at the T2 stage with associated lymph node spread. Each T stage had more lymph nodes involved than uninvolved for tumors sized T2 and higher. Inversely, for tumors staged under T2, there were generally more uninvolved lymph nodes than involved ones. Larger tumors were found to have advanced N staging, especially in the T3 category, where a significantly higher proportion of cases were found to have N2 and N3 staging compared to the other T stages. This trend is also seen in M staging, where larger tumors metastasize more than smaller tumors (40% for T4a, 0% for T1). Despite significant lymph node involvement being observed, sentinel lymph node biopsies were usually negative. Conclusion More patients in this population present with lymph node involvement than without. Larger breast cancer tumors are associated with greater lymph node involvement, particularly at T2 and higher stages. Sentinel lymph node biopsies can be omitted in smaller breast cancer tumors up to 2 cm in size, and the local recurrence rate is low despite a false-negative rate of around 10% in upfront sentinel lymph node biopsy.

Aims: The purpose of this review was to identify and describe the evidence about children and youth engagement during equine-assisted services (EAS). Methods: Five databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and MEDLINE) were systematically searched. Included studies reported research about EAS conducted in children and youth and presented findings about in-session engagement or associated concepts such as motivation, involvement, and participation. Extracted data (study type, equine intervention, population, and the studies\' key focus) were summarized descriptively, followed by inductive content analysis of the main mechanisms proposed to influence engagement. Results: In total, 30 studies were identified; however, only three centered on rider engagement as the primary focus of research. Other publications addressed in-session engagement within service descriptions or results and discussion sections. Three mechanisms that influence engagement within EAS were derived: (1) the unique EAS landscape, (2) the horse-child relationship and (3) the provider-child relationship. The literature primarily referred to horses as the most important factor influencing child and youth engagement in EAS sessions. Little attention was given to the influence of service providers\', parents\', or child preferences on engagement. Conclusions: The child/youth-parent-provider relational triad and specific strategies to improve rider engagement within EAS sessions warrants further investigation.