OrighanummajoranaL.是一种广泛使用的药用植物;其蒸馏油和制剂广泛用于植物疗法和食品工业。本研究的目的是评估牛至的提取物和精油(EO),和它的抗菌单萜,细菌多药耐药逆转,和生物膜形成抑制效力。用GC-MS表征了EO和正己烷提取物的组成。在精油松油烯-4-醇(24.92%),反式sabinene水合物(25.18%),γ-萜品烯(6.48%),顺式-sabinene水合物(5.44%),对异丙基苯(4.72%),sabinene(4.53%),α-松油醇(4.43%),和α-萜品烯(3.00%)被发现是主要成分,而反式-沙宾烯水合物(1.43%),在正己烷提取物中,除一系列碳氢化合物外,还检测到松油烯-4-醇(0.19%)。EO和松油烯-4-醇的抗菌活性,α-萜品烯,芳樟醇还针对敏感和耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌进行了评估,和大肠杆菌菌株,MIC值为0.125-0.250%和30-61µM,分别。在外排泵(EP)抑制试验中,通过溴化乙锭积累法在大肠杆菌ATCC25922、AG100和金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923以及MRSAATCC43300菌株中制备,EO表现出实质性的活性,特别是在大肠杆菌ATCC25922菌株中。在EO成分中,在敏感的大肠杆菌菌株中,只有sabinene是EP抑制剂。在金黄色葡萄球菌菌株的情况下,EO和sabinene水合物对耐药表型表现出中等效力。通过在亚MIC浓度下的结晶紫染色测试样品的抗生物膜效果。γ-萜品烯,松油烯-4-醇,Sabinene,发现sabinene水合物和芳樟醇是大肠杆菌ATCC25922和金黄色葡萄球菌MRSAATCC43300上生物膜形成的有效抑制剂(抑制36-86%),而EO对这些菌株无效。与此相反,大肠杆菌AG100和金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923形成的生物膜被EO显著抑制;然而,它不受任何单萜的影响。该观察结果表明,精油成分之间的协同作用可能会改变抗生物膜作用。
Origanum majorana L. is a widely used medicinal plant; its distilled oil and preparations are extensively utilised in the phytotherapy and food industries. The objective of this study is to evaluate the extracts and the essential oil (EO) of Origanum majorana L, and its monoterpenes for antimicrobial, bacterial multidrug resistance reversing, and biofilm formation inhibitory potency. The composition of EO and n-hexane extract was characterized by GC-MS. In the essential oil terpinen-4-ol (24.92%), trans-sabinene hydrate (25.18%), γ-terpinene (6.48%), cis-sabinene hydrate (5.44%), p-cymene (4.72%), sabinene (4.53%), α-terpineol (4.43%), and α-terpinene (3.00%) were found as the main constituents while trans-sabinene hydrate (1.43%), and terpinen-4-ol (0.19%) were detected in the n-hexane extract besides a series of hydrocarbons. The antibacterial activity of EO and terpinen-4-ol, α-terpinene, and linalool was also assessed against sensitive and drug-resistant S. aureus, and E. coli strains with MIC values of 0.125-0.250% and 30-61 µM, respectively. In the efflux pump (EP) inhibitory assay, made by the ethidium bromide accumulation method in E. coli ATCC 25922, and AG100 and S. aureus ATCC 25923, and MRSA ATCC 43300 strains, EO exhibited substantial activity, especially in the E. coli ATCC 25922 strain. Among the EO constituents, only sabinene was an EP inhibitor in sensitive Escherichia strain. In the case of S. aureus strains, EO and sabinene hydrate exhibited moderate potency on the drug-resistant phenotype. The antibiofilm effects of the samples were tested by crystal violet staining at sub-MIC concentration. γ-Terpinene, terpinen-4-ol, sabinene, sabinene hydrate and linalool were found to be effective inhibitors of biofilm formation (inhibition 36-86%) on E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. aureus MRSA ATCC 43300, while EO was ineffective on these strains. In contrast to this, biofilms formed by E. coli AG100 and S. aureus ATCC 25923 were significantly inhibited by the EO; however, it was not affected by any of the monoterpenes. This observation suggests that the antibiofilm effect might be altered by the synergism between the components of the essential oil.