We aimed to systematically examine the optic nerve head anatomy in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) using a standardized optical coherence tomography (OCT) protocol. The study retrospectively included 32 patients diagnosed from 2014 to 2021 with IIH. Using OCT, in accordance with a standardized scanning protocol for patients with optic disc drusen, the presence of optic disc drusen, prelaminar hyperreflective lines, peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures, the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and macular ganglion cell layer volume was obtained. Optic disc drusen were found in 3.1%, hyperreflective lines in 31.3%, and peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures in 81.3% of all IIH patients at least three months after the time of diagnosis. We found no significant differences in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness or macular ganglion cell layer volume in patients with hyperreflective lines or PHOMS respectively compared to patients without hyperreflective lines (p = 0.1285 and p = 0.1835). In conclusion, the prevalence of optic disc drusen in IIH patients is similar to the reported prevalence in the general population. The high prevalence of hyperreflective lines and peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures in IIH patients suggest these structures be a result of crowding in the optic nerve head caused by papilledema.

In the case of therapy-resistant keratitis an infection with Fusarium solani should be taken into consideration as a rare but very severe eye disease. In the majority of cases Fusarium solani keratitis will result in a protracted clinical course despite aggressive medicinal and surgical interventions. We describe the case of a referred patient after intensive topical, intracameral and systemic antibacterial and antimycotic therapy as well as surgical treatment with emergency keratoplasty à chaud because of Fusarium solani keratitis. The patient presented to our department with persistent discomfort for further therapeutic interventions. Using confocal microscopy we were able to demonstrate the presence of fungal hyphae in the host cornea and the graft, which was important for making further surgical decisions. Furthermore, this emphasizes the role of confocal microscopy as an early relapse marker during the clinical monitoring.

Fungal keratitis is a rare but very serious eye disease in industrial nations with a frequency of 1-5 % of all forms of keratitis from microbial causes. We present two patients with keratitis of primary unknown cause. Using confocal microscopy fungal filaments could be identified that partially showed a parallel configuration (like \"railway tracks\"). Thus, the correct diagnosis can often be made and suitable therapy can be non-invasively initiated even before the results of in vitro cultivation (fungal culture), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histological investigations are available.