填埋空气中与颗粒物结合的潜在有害元素(PHEs结合的PM)造成的空气污染是人类健康的重要问题。迄今为止,没有全面的研究集中在垃圾填埋场空气中与PM有关的PHEs的健康风险。本系统综述旨在检查PHEs,包括铅(Pb),镉(Cd),铬(Cr),砷(As),镍(Ni),和锌(Zn)与垃圾填埋场空气中的PM结合,并评估工人和废物管理人员的健康风险。在不同的电子数据库中进行了系统搜索。筛选后,选择了18项最相关的研究,重点是填埋场空气中与PHE结合的PM。数据提取分析表明,铅的平均浓度,Cd,Cr,As,Ni,填埋空气中的锌和锌分别为0.3037、0.0941、0.4093、0.0221、0.2768和0.7622μg/m3。除了Pb,与PM结合的其他PHEs的浓度超过了USEPA的空气质量标准。此外,Cd的非致癌风险,Cr,镍暴露超过允许限值(HQ>1),而As的总部值为0.401。来自As的致癌风险,Cd,Ni,铅暴露量分别为1.31×10-5、5.10×10-4、3.51×10-5和2.03×10-6。值得注意的是,在污染空气中暴露于Cr的工人的终生致癌风险(6.17×10-3)超过了允许的限值(10-4至10-6)。总之,鉴于垃圾填埋场中一些PHEs结合PM的致癌和非致癌风险很高,有必要对与这些PHEs结合的PM相互作用对不同国家的社区和环境的健康影响进行更多的研究。此外,有必要评估不同的填埋作业活动对填埋空气中PHE结合PM)的大气扩散的作用。
Air pollution from Potentially Hazardous Elements bound with particulate matter (PHEs bound PM) in landfill air is a significant concern for human health. To date, no comprehensive research has focused on the health risks of PHEs bound to PM in landfill air. This systematic review aimed to examine PHEs, including Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Arsenic (As), Nickel (Ni), and Zinc (Zn) bound with PM in landfill air and assess the health risk for workers and waste management personnel. The systematically search was made in different electronic databases. After the screening, 18 most relevant studied focused on PHEs bound PM in landfill air were selected. The data extraction analysis indicated that mean concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Ni, and Zn in landfill air were 0.3037, 0.0941, 0.4093, 0.0221, 0.2768, and 0.7622 μg/m3, respectively. Except for Pb, the concentrations of other PHEs bound to PM exceeded USEPA air quality standards. In addition, Non-carcinogenic risks from Cd, Cr, and Ni exposure exceeded permissible limits (HQ > 1), while As had an HQ value of 0.401. Carcinogenic risks from As, Cd, Ni, and Pb exposure were 1.31 × 10-5, 5.10 × 10-4, 3.51 × 10-5, and 2.03 × 10-6, respectively. Notably, the lifetime carcinogenic risk for workers exposed to Cr in polluted air (6.17 × 10-3) exceeded permissible limits (10-4 to 10-6). In conclusion, given the high carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of some PHEs bound PM in landfills, it is necessary to conduct more research on the health effects of interaction with these PHEs bound PM on communities and the environment in different countries. Also, it is necessary to evaluate the role of different landfill operational activities on atmospheric dispersion of PHEs bound PM) in landfill air.