In the context of the shift toward a closed-loop economy, soil-like fractions from landfills are increasingly seen as a potential raw material. Pollution, including potentially toxic elements (PTEs), limits the use of soil-like fractions. The study objective was to assess the level of contamination with PTEs and the ecological risk of the soil-like fraction from a landfill using an interval method on the basis of a quantile analysis. Quantile analysis allows visualization and interpretation of data based on statistical principles using a cumulative distribution function for the data. Quantiles divide the entire dataset into equal parts by probability, and they indicate the proportion of observations that have a value less than or equal to a given quantile. A study was conducted at a landfill in Volgograd. The contents of Cd, Ni, Pb, Hg, Cu, and Zn were studied in a soil-like fraction. The contents of Hg, Pb, and Zn were low and did not pose any risks to the environment. Cd, Ni, and Cu were the main reasons for the contamination of the soil-like fraction. Quantile analysis has shown that the soil-like fraction is polluted unevenly and is described by several contamination levels. The pollution level with PTEs in the soil-like fraction is low, with a probability of 27-31%. The other part of the soil-like fraction has a pollution level ranging from moderate to very high. The environmental risk of a soil-like fraction is associated with Cd and Ni. With a probability of 23.5%, a soil-like fraction is a high environmental risk and requires a responsible attitude and measures to ensure environmental safety. With probabilities of 29.4% and 47.1%, the complex potential environmental risks of a soil-like fraction are low and moderate, respectively. The soil-like fraction located at a depth of more than 2.5 m has a low level of pollution and a low environmental risk. Potentially, this part of a soil-like fraction can be isolated and, after detoxification, used. The significance of this research lies in providing a novel approach to evaluate the ecological risk of soil-like fractions from landfills, which can inform more effective sustainable waste utilization practices in landfill mining.

In order to facilitate technical personnel related to occupational health and safety production to search, obtain, and master information on the hazard classification and health effects of chemical hazards, this article surveyed 14 commonly used foreign databases and 9 commonly used domestic databases, analyzed the characteristics, main content, scope of application, and network resources of each database, and considered the development of database for occupational health hazard of chemical hazards.
为便于职业健康及安全生产工作相关技术人员查询、获取和掌握化学性有害因素的危害性分类及健康效应等信息，本文调研了14个国外常用数据库和9个国内常用数据库，分析了各数据库的特点、主要内容、适用范围及网络资源等，并对化学性有害因素职业健康危害数据库的发展进行了思考。.

Force Health Protection programs in the U.S. Air Force endeavor to sustain the operational readiness of the warfighters. We have previously identified hundreds of chemical substances of interest and toxicity reference value (TRV) knowledge gaps that constrain risk based-decision-making for potential exposures. Multiple approaches to occupational TRV estimation were used to generate possible guideline values for 84 compounds (18% of the substances of interest). These candidate TRVs included values from international databases, chemical similarity (nearest neighbor) approaches, empirical adjustments to account for duration differences, quantitative activity relationships, and thresholds of toxicological concern. This present work describes derivation of provisional TRVs from these candidate values. Rodent bioassay-derived long-term worker Derived No-Effect Levels (DNELs) were deemed presumptively the most reliable, but only 19 such DNELs were available for the 84 substances with TRV gaps. In the absence of DNELs, the quality of the approaches and consistency among candidate values were key elements of the weight of evidence used to select the most suitable guideline values. The use of novel nearest-neighbor approaches, empirical adjustment of short term TRVs, and occupational exposure bands were found to be options that would allow occupational TRV estimation with reasonable confidence for nearly all substances evaluated.

The mission of the Force Health Protection (FHP) program of the U.S. Air Force (USAF), sustaining the readiness of warfighters, relies on determinations of acceptable levels of exposure to a wide array of substances that USAF personnel may encounter. In many cases, exposure details are limited or authoritative toxicity reference values (TRVs) are unavailable. To address some of the TRV gaps, we are integrating several approaches to generate health protective exposure guidelines. Descriptions are provided for identification of chemicals of interest for USAF FHP (467 to date), synthesis of multiple TRVs to derive Operational Exposure Limits (OpELs), and strategies for identifying and developing candidate values for provisional OpELs when authoritative TRVs are lacking. Rodent bioassay-derived long-term Derived No Effect Levels (DNELs) for workers were available only for a minority of the substances with occupational TRV gaps (19 of 84). Additional occupational TRV estimation approaches were found to be straightforward to implement: Tier 1 Occupational Exposure Bands, cheminformatics approaches (multiple linear regression and novel nearest-neighbor approaches), and empirical adjustment of short term TRVs. Risk assessors working in similar contexts may benefit from application of the resources referenced and developed in this work.

The number of individuals with underlying medical conditions has been increasing steadily. These individuals are relatively vulnerable to harmful external factors. But it has not been proven that the effects of hazardous chemicals may differ depending on their physicochemical properties. This study determines the toxic effects of two chemicals with high indoor exposure risk and different physicochemical properties on an underlying disease model. A pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) model was constructed by a single subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline (MCT; 60 mg/kg) into Sprague-Dawley rats. After three weeks, formaldehyde (FA; 2.5 mg/kg) and polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG; 0.05 mg/kg) were administered once via intratracheal instillation, and rats were necropsied one week later. Exposure to FA and PHMG affected organ weight and the Fulton and toxicity indices in rats induced with PAH. FA promoted bronchial injury and aggravated PAH, while PHMG only induced alveolar injury. Additionally, the differentially expressed genes were altered following exposure to FA and PHMG, as were the associated diseases (cardiovascular disease and pulmonary fibrosis, respectively). In conclusion, inhaled chemicals with different physicochemical properties can cause damage to organs, such as the lungs and heart, and can aggravate underlying diseases. This study elucidates indoor inhaled exposure-induced toxicities and alerts patients with pre-existing diseases to the harmful chemicals.

Chitosan, alginate, and chitosan-alginate (50:50) mixed hydrogels were prepared by freeze casting, freeze-drying, and subsequent physical cross-linking. Chitosan was cross-linked with citrate and alginate with calcium ions, while the mixed gels were cross-linked with both cross-linking agents. Both cryogels and xerogels were obtained by lyophilization and drying of the hydrogels. We investigated the effect of the chemical composition and the physical state of gels on the gel structure and sorption of model dyes. Alginate and mixed gels cross-linked with Ca2+ ions sorbed 80-95% of cationic dye from the solutions. The chitosan gels are primarily capable of adsorbing anionic dyes, but at near-neutral pH, their capacity is lower than that of alginate gels, showing 50-60% dye sorption. In the case of alginate gels, the dye sorption capacity of xerogels, cryogels, and hydrogels was the same, but for chitosan gels, the hydrogels adsorbed slightly less dye than the dried gels.

In this work, the concentrations of hazardous elements (As, Cd and Pb) in the edible portion of the Perna perna mussel from Southeast Brazil were analyzed to understand the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the coastal environment and to evaluate the quality of this fishery resource. Decreases in anthropogenic chemical outputs to the environment were expected to occur during the COVID-19 pandemic, with decreases in element concentrations in mussels. The ranges of median concentrations (µg g-1 dw) in the pre- and pandemic periods were 5.4-16.1 and 2.2-10.6 for As; 0.2-0.6 and 0.1-0.5 for Cd; and 1.2-3.2 and 0.7-1.8 for Pb, respectively. Temporal variations (prepandemic x pandemic) were more significant than spatial variations (five sampling sites). The relationships between the concentrations of hazardous elements and isotopic ratios (δ15N and δ13C) suggested that food sources were more diverse across the sampling sites during the pandemic period, when individuals exhibited less efficient trophic transfer. The concentrations of Cd and Pb were below the tolerable maximum limit, whereas for As, they were above the limit; however, these concentrations are not a risk to human health, as most As was present in the least toxic organic form. The intake estimates were below the tolerable intake limits, and only Pb concentrations are at risk of causing concern if the intake of mussels increases. This is the first study in Brazil that presents a spatial-temporal comparison of hazardous elements in marine fauna considering COVID-19 as a temporal landmark. The results are of interest for both public health and environmental health management in a post-COVID-19 scenario.

With the progress of science and technology and the development of society, more and more chemical substances have been discovered and countless chemicals have been artificially synthesized, and the risk of exposure to some toxic chemicals by human beings has been greatly increased, resulting in the increasing incidence of acute poisoning, which has seriously endangered the public\'s physical health and life safety. As the poisoned patients are unconscious or refuse treatment when they are admitted to the hospital, it is difficult to understand the drug exposure history by asking the medical history, so the toxicity detection has become the key to the clinical diagnosis and treatment, and this paper briefly introduces some common toxicity detection methods in the clinic in the hope that it will bring help to the clinical doctors.
随着科学技术的进步和社会的发展，越来越多的化学物质被发现，很多新的化学品被人工合成，一些有毒化学品被人类接触的风险大大增加，急性中毒发生率也日益升高，严重危害公众身体健康和生命安全。由于中毒患者入院诊治时意识不清或拒绝治疗，很难通过询问病史了解药物接触史，因此毒物检测成了临床诊治的关键，本文综述了临床一些常见毒物的检测方法，为临床医生提供参考。.

In silico models for screening substances of healthy and ecological concern are essential for effective chemical management. However, current data-driven toxicity prediction models confront formidable challenges related to expressive capacity, data scarcity, and reliability issues. Thus, this study introduces TOX-BERT, a SMILES-based pretrained model for screening health and ecological toxicity. Results show that masked atom recovery pretraining and multi-task learning offer promising solutions to enhance model capacity and address data scarcity issues. Two novel application domain (AD) parameters, termed PCA-AD and LDS, were proposed to improve prediction reliability of TOX-BERT with accuracy surpassing 90 % and mean absolute error (MAE) below 0.52. TOX-BERT was applied to 18,905 IECSC chemicals, revealing distinct toxicity relationships that align with experimental studies such as those between cardiotoxicity and acute ecotoxicity. In addition to previous PBT screening, 156 potential high-risk chemicals for specific endpoint were identified covering 7 categories. Furthermore, a SMILES-based toxicity site detection approach was developed for structural toxicity analysis. These advancements carry profound implications to address challenges faced by current data-driven toxicity prediction models. TOX-BERT emerges as a valuable tool for more comprehensive, reliable, and applicable predictions of health and ecological toxicity in chemical risk assessment and management.

Most occupational hazardous agents in workplaces should be evaluated and controlled. Different methods exist for identifying, evaluating and controlling these agents, such as numerical simulation tools. Numerical simulations can help experts to improve occupational health. Due to the importance and abilities of numerical simulations, this study divided occupational hazardous agents into 10 subgroups. These subgroups included air pollution, ventilation, respiratory airways, noise and vibration, lighting, radiation, ergonomics, fire and explosion, risk assessment and personal protective equipment. Recent research studies in each subgroup were then reviewed, and the codes and software used in simulations were determined. The results show that Fluent software and k-ϵ turbulence models are the most used in occupational health studies simulations. Today, different codes and software have been developed for simulation, and we suggest their use in occupational health studies.