背景:质量是大米价值链升级的强大引擎。然而,关于如何在水稻领域定义和衡量“稻米品质”,目前尚无共识。
■我们采用兰开斯特对稻米品质的定义,将其作为内在和外在属性的组合。然后,我们回顾了(i)东南亚和南亚大米价值链中的消费者和行业利益相关者如何感知和定义大米质量;(ii)由食品技术人员进行测量和定义;(iii)通过遗传学进行预测。
结论:消费者在不同地区对稻米品质的感知差异方面是异质的,国家,城市,和城市化水平。优质的品质是由营养益处来定义的,东南亚的柔软度和香气,和颗粒的物理外观(均匀性,白度,细长度),饱腹感,南亚的香气。发现这些趋势与行业观念一致,并且在根据地区定制种质和针对特定当地细分市场的水稻品种方面,对区域和国家育种计划具有重要意义。因为大米是国际贸易的,有必要标准化稻米品质的定义。然而,食品技术人员在质量等级和测量方面尚未达成一致;常规指标需要通过感官评估小组得出的描述性资料来补充。最后,因为稻米品质受环境条件表达的多个相互作用基因控制,预测谷物质量需要将遗传信息与不同环境下的谷物质量表型相关联。
BACKGROUND: Quality is a powerful engine in rice value chain upgrading. However, there is no consensus on how \"rice quality\" should be defined and measured in the rice sector.
UNASSIGNED: We adopt a Lancasterian definition of rice quality as a bundle of intrinsic and extrinsic attributes. We then review how rice quality is (i) perceived and defined by consumers and industry stakeholders in rice value chains in Southeast and South Asia; (ii) measured and defined by food technologists; and (iii) predicted through genetics.
CONCLUSIONS: Consumers are heterogeneous with respect to their perceived differentiation of rice quality among regions, countries, cities, and urbanization levels. Premium quality is defined by nutritional benefits, softness and aroma in Southeast Asia, and by the physical appearance of the grains (uniformity, whiteness, slenderness), satiety, and aroma in South Asia. These trends are found to be consistent with industry perceptions and have important implications for regional and national breeding programs in terms of tailoring germplasm to regions and rice varieties to specific local market segments. Because rice is traded internationally, there is a need to standardize definitions of rice quality. However, food technologists have not reached unanimity on quality classes and measurement; routine indicators need to be complemented by descriptive profiles elicited through sensory evaluation panels. Finally, because rice quality is controlled by multiple interacting genes expressed through environmental conditions, predicting grain quality requires associating genetic information with grain quality phenotypes in different environments.