近几十年来,食物过敏显著增加,贝类是全球食物过敏和过敏反应的主要原因,影响儿童和成人。贝类过敏的患病率估计约为普通人群的0.5-2.5%,地理位置差异很大,年龄,和消费习惯。尽管软体动物的消费量有所上升,软体动物过敏的患病率仍然未知。虽然广泛的研究集中在甲壳类动物过敏上,软体动物过敏,特别是那些与腹足类有关的,受到的关注相对较少。贝类过敏的临床表现范围从局部症状到危及生命的全身反应,如过敏反应。值得注意的是,在涉及腹足类的病例中,严重的支气管痉挛是主要的临床特征。已经在软体动物中发现了几种过敏原,包括副肌球蛋白,原肌球蛋白,和肌浆钙结合蛋白。在腹足类动物中,有记载的过敏原包括原肌球蛋白,副肌球蛋白,肌球蛋白的重链,和Derp4淀粉酶。诊断通常涉及全面的临床病史,皮肤测试,免疫球蛋白(Ig)E的体外定量,并通过口头挑战确认,尽管后者是为选定的病例保留的。这篇叙述性综述强调了对腹足动物过敏的有限研究。它提供了纯化和重组过敏原的全面列表,并讨论了成分解析诊断的应用以及当前的治疗进展。
Food allergies have increased significantly in recent decades, with shellfish being a leading cause of food allergy and anaphylaxis worldwide, affecting both children and adults. The prevalence of shellfish allergies is estimated to be approximately 0.5-2.5% of the general population, varying significantly by geographical location, age, and consumption habits. Although mollusk consumption has risen, the prevalence of mollusk allergies remains unknown. While extensive research has focused on crustacean allergies, mollusk allergies, particularly those related to
gastropods, have received comparatively less attention. Clinical manifestations of shellfish allergy range from localized symptoms to life-threatening systemic reactions, such as anaphylaxis. Notably, severe bronchospasm is a predominant clinical feature in cases involving
gastropods. Several allergens have been identified in mollusks, including paramyosin, tropomyosin, and sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein. In
gastropods, documented allergens include tropomyosin, paramyosin, the heavy chain of myosin, and Der p 4 amylase. Diagnosis typically involves a thorough clinical history, skin testing, in vitro quantification of immunoglobulin (Ig) E, and confirmation through an oral challenge, although the latter is reserved for selected cases. This narrative review highlights the limited research on gastropod allergy. It provides a comprehensive list of purified and recombinant allergens and discusses the applications of component-resolved diagnosis as well as current therapeutic developments.