这项研究调查了在三层胶合板技术中利用榛子壳(HS)作为创新填料的潜力,满足日益增长的可持续发展需求,高性能材料。传统的胶合板生产依赖于用各种填料增强的粘合剂来改善物理,机械,和操作特点。这项研究探索了使用原生,化学改性,和由榛子壳衍生的活性炭作为脲甲醛(UF)树脂中的填料。生产的胶合板的机械性能,吸水,和甲醛排放进行了彻底的分析。关键发现表明,掺入10重量份(pbw)天然榛子壳粉可显着提高断裂模量(MOR)至138.6Nmm-2,弹性模量(MOE)至13,311Nmm-2。化学改性榛子壳粉在5pbw时达到最佳效果,而来自榛子壳的活性炭,即使在1pbw,显著提高了结合强度(2.79Nmm-2指没有添加填料的参考样品的0.81Nmm-2)。值得注意的是,活性炭有效地减少甲醛排放(2.72mg100g-1烘箱干面板指3.32mg100g-1烘箱干面板,用于具有10pbw填料的参考样品)并提高耐水性,表明更好的尺寸稳定性和更低的环境影响。研究还表明,过量的填料含量会对强度参数产生负面影响,确认优化填料浓度的重要性。这些结果突出了榛子壳作为胶合板生产中环保替代填料的潜力,促进废物价值化和环境可持续性。这项研究支持榛子壳填料的实际应用,促进循环经济,减少对传统的依赖,不可持续的材料,从而为木材复合材料行业提供了有价值的解决方案。
This study investigates the potential of utilizing hazelnut shells (HS) as an innovative
filler in three-layer plywood technology, addressing the growing need for sustainable, high-performance materials. Traditional plywood production relies on adhesives enhanced with various fillers to improve physical, mechanical, and operational characteristics. This research explores using native, chemically modified, and activated carbon derived from hazelnut shells as fillers in urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin. The produced plywood\'s mechanical properties, water absorption, and formaldehyde emissions were thoroughly analyzed. Key findings demonstrate that incorporating 10 part by weight (pbw) native hazelnut shell flour significantly enhances the modulus of rupture (MOR) to 138.6 N mm-2 and modulus of elasticity (MOE) to 13,311 N mm-2. Chemically modified hazelnut shell flour achieves optimal results at 5 pbw, while activated carbon from hazelnut shells, even at 1 pbw, markedly improves bonding strength (2.79 N mm-2 referred to 0.81 N mm-2 for reference sample without filler added). Notably, activated carbon effectively reduces formaldehyde emissions (2.72 mg 100 g-1 oven dry panel referred to 3.32 mg 100 g-1 oven dry panel for reference samples with 10 pbw
filler) and improves water resistance, indicating better further dimensional stability and lower environmental impact. The study also shows that excessive
filler content negatively affects strength parameters, confirming the importance of optimizing
filler concentration. These results highlight the potential of hazelnut shells as an eco-friendly alternative
filler in plywood production, contributing to waste valorization and environmental sustainability. This study supports the practical application of hazelnut shell fillers, promoting a circular economy and reducing reliance on traditional, less sustainable materials, thus providing a valuable solution for the wood composite industry.