This study investigates the potential of utilizing hazelnut shells (HS) as an innovative filler in three-layer plywood technology, addressing the growing need for sustainable, high-performance materials. Traditional plywood production relies on adhesives enhanced with various fillers to improve physical, mechanical, and operational characteristics. This research explores using native, chemically modified, and activated carbon derived from hazelnut shells as fillers in urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin. The produced plywood\'s mechanical properties, water absorption, and formaldehyde emissions were thoroughly analyzed. Key findings demonstrate that incorporating 10 part by weight (pbw) native hazelnut shell flour significantly enhances the modulus of rupture (MOR) to 138.6 N mm-2 and modulus of elasticity (MOE) to 13,311 N mm-2. Chemically modified hazelnut shell flour achieves optimal results at 5 pbw, while activated carbon from hazelnut shells, even at 1 pbw, markedly improves bonding strength (2.79 N mm-2 referred to 0.81 N mm-2 for reference sample without filler added). Notably, activated carbon effectively reduces formaldehyde emissions (2.72 mg 100 g-1 oven dry panel referred to 3.32 mg 100 g-1 oven dry panel for reference samples with 10 pbw filler) and improves water resistance, indicating better further dimensional stability and lower environmental impact. The study also shows that excessive filler content negatively affects strength parameters, confirming the importance of optimizing filler concentration. These results highlight the potential of hazelnut shells as an eco-friendly alternative filler in plywood production, contributing to waste valorization and environmental sustainability. This study supports the practical application of hazelnut shell fillers, promoting a circular economy and reducing reliance on traditional, less sustainable materials, thus providing a valuable solution for the wood composite industry.

Filler injections in the upper face pose significant challenges due to its complex anatomy and proximity to vascular structures. High-frequency Doppler ultrasound offers real-time visualization of facial anatomy, improving both safety and aesthetic outcomes. This paper presents a detailed overview of the ultrasonographic anatomy of the temples, forehead, and glabella, along with reproducible, ultrasound-guided filler injection techniques for these areas. We use two scanning techniques previously described: \"scan before injecting\" and \"scan while injecting\", applicable to subdermal, interfascial, and supraperiosteal planes in the temporal region, as well as the glabella, forehead, and supraorbital region. Ultrasound guidance for filler injections in the upper face can enhance procedural efficacy and safety. By integrating real-time imaging, practitioners can navigate the intricate vascular anatomy more effectively, thereby minimizing the risk of complications. This study highlights the need for ongoing research and continuous education to further refine these techniques and improve patient outcomes.

Pultruded fiber reinforced polymer composites used in civil, power, and offshore/marine applications use fillers as resin extenders and for process efficiency. Although the primary use of fillers is in the form of an extender and processing aid, the appropriate selection of filler can result in enhancing mechanical performance characteristics, durability, and multifunctionality. This is of special interest in structural and high voltage applications where the previous use of specific fillers has been at levels that are too low to provide these enhancements. This study investigates the use of montmorillonite organoclay fillers of three different particle sizes as substitutes for conventional CaCO3 fillers with the intent of enhancing mechanical performance and hygrothermal durability. The study investigates moisture uptake and kinetics and reveals that uptake is well described by a two-stage process that incorporates both a diffusion dominated initial phase and a second slower phase representing relaxation and deterioration. The incorporation of the organoclay particles substantially decreases uptake levels in comparison to the use of CaCO3 fillers while also enhancing stage I, diffusion, dominated stability, with the use of the 1.5 mm organoclay fillers showing as much as a 41.5% reduction in peak uptake as compared to the CaCO3 fillers at the same 20% loading level (by weight of resin). The mechanical performance was characterized using tension, flexure, and short beam shear tests. The organoclay fillers showed a significant improvement in each, albeit with differences due to particle size. Overall, the best performance after exposure to four different temperatures of immersion in deionized water was shown by the 4.8 mm organoclay filler-based E-glass/vinylester composite system, which was the only one to have less than a 50% deterioration over all characteristics after immersion for a year in deionized water at the highest temperature investigated (70 °C). The fillers not only enhance resistance to uptake but also increase tortuosity in the path, thereby decreasing the overall effect of uptake. The observations demonstrate that the use of the exfoliated organoclay particles with intercalation, which have been previously used in very low amounts, and which are known to be beneficial in relation to enhanced thermal stability, flame retardancy, and decreased flammability, provide enhanced mechanical characteristics, decreased moisture uptake, and increased hygrothermal durability when used at particle loading levels comparable to those of conventional fillers, suggesting that these novel systems could be considered for critical structural applications.

The goal of this work was to develop acrylonitrile-butadiene (NBR) elastomer composites filled with hydroxyapatite (HAP) characterized by improved cure characteristics and resistance to burning. Silane, i.e., (3-aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane, ionic liquid, i.e., 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide and surfactant, i.e., cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, were used to improve the filler\'s dispersibility in the elastomer matrix and to reduce the time and temperature of vulcanization. The effects of HAP and dispersants on the cure characteristics, crosslink density and physico-chemical properties of NBR composites were explored. The additives used, especially the ionic liquid and surfactant, effectively improved the dispersion of HAP in the NBR matrix. The amount of HAP and the dispersant used strongly affected the cure characteristics and crosslink density of NBR. The optimal vulcanization time significantly increased with HAP content and was pronouncedly reduced when ionic liquid and surfactant were applied. In addition, ionic liquid and surfactant significantly lowered the onset vulcanization temperature and improved the crosslink density and hardness of the vulcanizates while impairing their elasticity. HAP and dispersants did not significantly affect the damping properties or chemical resistance of NBR vulcanizates. Above all, application of HAP considerably enhanced the resistance of vulcanizates to thermo-oxidative aging and reduced their flammability compared with the unfilled NBR.

Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

暂无摘要。

UNASSIGNED: This paper reports a rare anatomical variant of the facial artery (FA) - namely, a double FA pattern - which has significant implications in a wide range of surgical and aesthetic medicine disciplines.
UNASSIGNED: The study involves a case report and literature review of the FA and its variants. The case is that of a 61-year-old female cadaver with a unilateral FA variant branching pattern discovered during a cadaveric dissection for an anatomy course.
UNASSIGNED: The dissection revealed an unusual supply of the typical FA distribution by two separate branches from either side of the maxillary artery. The first branch, termed FA1, followed a typical FA course arising from the external carotid to supply the lower portion of the face via lingual, inferior labial, and mental arterial branches. The second branch, termed FA2, arose superior to the maxillary artery near the origin of a typical transverse facial artery, to supply the upper portion of the face via superior labial, lateral nasal, and angular arterial branches. No direct communication between the two branches was observed grossly via dissection. The observed branching pattern has not previously been reported in literature and has critical implications for surgical planning and intervention.
UNASSIGNED: This study emphasizes the importance of understanding variant FA anatomy in procedures requiring precise anatomical knowledge of arterial supply to the face. Duplicate and/or secondary facial arteries necessitate careful consideration for their potential consequences on the success of surgery of the head and neck, dermal fillers, and embolization for epistaxis procedures.

BACKGROUND: Projection and upper rotation to the tip is fundamental in the nasal rejuvenation, as a matter of fact the tip is the most important and has strongly effects on the improve appearance and quality of life. The aim of the present study was to evaluate reshaping the tip of the nose by cross-linked hyaluronic acid using Italian technique.
METHODS: In a period between November 2019 and 2023, a total of one hundred and forty healthy, 95 females and 45 man patients, were performed with a mean age 44±5 (age range: 31-52 years old) affected by tip of congenital (22) or ageing nose hypotonia (118), and reduced volume that need of an elevation of the nose tip. The anatomic markers have been considered for the anthropometric measurements after the filler rhinoplasty. Two infiltrations were performed, one in the infiltration into the antero-caudal access over the columella produce upward rotation of the tip of the nose and second infiltration into the antero-superior access produce the projection of the tip of the nose. Medical device used in the study was Neofound STRUCT LIDO (LOVE COSMEDICAL srls-Via Toniolo 9, 57022 Castagneto Carducci, ITALY) containing sodium hyaluronate/hyaluronic acid high molecular weight (1.500RESULTS: The effect on the upward rotation of the tip nose was evaluated using Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale and morphometric evaluation. All the subjects showed at least 2-3 grade improvement in GAIS score after HA filler injection. The analysis of patient satisfaction after the last follow-up visits clearly demonstrated good results. A significant morphometric difference was detected comparing the T0 and T90 (p<0,0001), while no difference was present comparing T90 and T180 means (p=0.11). The outcome of the present clinical study gives greater projection and upper rotation to the tip with great gratification of the patients and the surgeon. An augmentation of the tip nose with hyaluronic acid filler produces a rejuvenation of the nose area resulted in a more youthful appearance. No adverse event was observed. In 35 patients, additional HA infiltration had to be performed after 2 weeks.
CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the Italian technique descripted in the present paper is safe, simply, and efficacious for rejuvenation of the nose, with elevated levels of patient satisfaction.
METHODS: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .