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Abstract：
The goal of this work was to develop acrylonitrile-butadiene (NBR) elastomer composites filled with hydroxyapatite (HAP) characterized by improved cure characteristics and resistance to burning. Silane, i.e., (3-aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane, ionic liquid, i.e., 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide and surfactant, i.e., cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, were used to improve the filler\'s dispersibility in the elastomer matrix and to reduce the time and temperature of vulcanization. The effects of HAP and dispersants on the cure characteristics, crosslink density and physico-chemical properties of NBR composites were explored. The additives used, especially the ionic liquid and surfactant, effectively improved the dispersion of HAP in the NBR matrix. The amount of HAP and the dispersant used strongly affected the cure characteristics and crosslink density of NBR. The optimal vulcanization time significantly increased with HAP content and was pronouncedly reduced when ionic liquid and surfactant were applied. In addition, ionic liquid and surfactant significantly lowered the onset vulcanization temperature and improved the crosslink density and hardness of the vulcanizates while impairing their elasticity. HAP and dispersants did not significantly affect the damping properties or chemical resistance of NBR vulcanizates. Above all, application of HAP considerably enhanced the resistance of vulcanizates to thermo-oxidative aging and reduced their flammability compared with the unfilled NBR.
摘要：
这项工作的目的是开发填充有羟基磷灰石（HAP）的丙烯腈-丁二烯（NBR）弹性体复合材料，其特征在于改善了固化特性和耐燃烧性。硅烷,即，(3-氨基丙基)-三乙氧基硅烷，离子液体,即，1-癸基-3-甲基咪唑溴化物和表面活性剂，即，十六烷基三甲基溴化铵，用于提高填料在弹性体基体中的分散性，降低硫化时间和温度。HAP和分散剂对固化特性的影响，研究了NBR复合材料的交联密度和理化性能。使用的添加剂，特别是离子液体和表面活性剂，有效改善了HAP在NBR基体中的分散性。HAP和分散剂的用量强烈影响NBR的固化特性和交联密度。随着HAP含量的增加，最佳硫化时间显着增加，当使用离子液体和表面活性剂时，最佳硫化时间明显减少。此外,离子液体和表面活性剂显著降低了硫化起始温度,提高了硫化胶的交联密度和硬度,同时损害了硫化胶的弹性。HAP和分散剂不会显着影响NBR硫化胶的阻尼性能或耐化学性。最重要的是,与未填充的NBR相比，HAP的应用大大提高了硫化橡胶对热氧化老化的抵抗力，并降低了其可燃性。
