Early learning and child care (ELCC) settings in Canada follow nutrition standards that outline food provisions, with many also encouraging responsive feeding practices that help to create a supportive environment for children. Caregivers who lack confidence in children\'s ability to regulate their own intake, or those who feel stressed about mealtime, may unknowingly engage in less responsive feeding practices. The CELEBRATE Feeding Approach is a flexible framework, driven by behaviour change theory, that builds on previous definitions and concepts of responsive feeding in ELCC environments. Through this approach, there is an intentional focus on supporting early childhood educators to implement feeding practices that are more responsive. The approach incorporates 13 target educator behaviours related to the three overlapping categories of CELEBRATE language, CELEBRATE Mealtime, and CELEBRATE Play. These practices recognize and support the development of a child\'s sense of autonomy, confidence, and self-regulation not only at mealtimes but also through play-based exploration and language that is used throughout the day around food and feeding. The goal is that children will be open to a wide variety of food, develop their self-regulation skills, and build the foundation for a positive relationship with food throughout their lifetime.

Emotional overeating is defined as eating in response to emotions. Around the preschool years, there is a shift from emotional undereating to overeating, which suggests environmental influences in the development of overeating. The use of food by parents to control their child\'s emotions, rather than to teach them appropriate emotion regulation strategies, may impact the child\'s ability to regulate their own emotions, resulting in emotional overeating. We hypothesized that such coercive control practices with food by parents would be associated with poorer ability of the child to regulate their own emotions, which in turn would lead to increased emotional overeating, but not emotional undereating. Mothers of four- and five-year-olds (N = 221) were recruited through MTurk and Prolific to complete online questionnaires measuring food parenting practices (Comprehensive Feeding Style Questionnaire and Parent Feeding Style Questionnaire), child emotion regulation (Emotion Regulation Checklist), and child emotional eating (Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire). Several mediation models were tested. Parent\'s use of food to control emotions and behavior was associated with higher levels of emotional overeating, which was mediated by poorer child emotion regulation. However, child emotion regulation did not mediate the association between parent\'s use of food to control emotions and behavior and the child\'s emotional undereating. Taken together, these models suggest that parent\'s use of coercive control with food may lead to child emotional overeating, but not emotional undereating, by teaching children to regulate their emotions through eating rather than more adaptive regulation strategies. Future experimental and longitudinal studies are needed to directly test the nature and direction of these associations and whether coercive control with food teaches children to overeat in response to their emotions in lieu of using appropriate emotion regulation strategies.

The United Nation\'s Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 calls for universal access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), which are crucial elements of health and well-being and fundamental for a life in dignity. Early childhood caries (ECC) is a preventable disease affecting health and quality of life of millions of young children worldwide. This scoping review aims to explore the connection between ECC and access to clean water and sanitation.
This scoping review, registered on the Open Science Framework and following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, conducted a thorough search in databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar, SciELO) and websites (via Google) in November 2023. The search, without date limitations, targeted studies in English and Spanish linking ECC to SDG6. Exclusions were made for studies solely focusing on ECC without a direct connection to clean water and sanitation. Descriptive statistics summarized the retrieved papers.
The initial search yielded 303 articles. After removing duplicates, 264 articles remained for title and abstract screening after which 244 were excluded and one report was added through citation searching. The 21 remaining articles underwent full text review. There were no studies on a direct association between access to clean water and sanitation and the prevalence of ECC. There were nine studies that showed indirect associations between ECC and access to clean water and sanitation through the links of: water and sanitation access as a marker for poverty (n = 1), water consumption as a feeding practice (n = 4), and the effectiveness of water fluoridation (n = 4). These were used to develop a conceptual model.
While it is conceivable that a direct link exists between ECC and access to clean water and sanitation, the available body of research only offers evidence of indirect associations. The exploration of potential pathways connecting water access to ECC warrants further investigation in future research.

OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between prolonged early household food insecurity (FI) during pregnancy, infancy, and toddlerhood, and child feeding practices, and the mediating role of dysfunctional parent-child interactions.
METHODS: We conducted secondary longitudinal analyses of data from the Starting Early Program (StEP) randomized controlled trial, which studied a primary care-based child obesity prevention program for low-income Hispanic families. Our independent variable was FI, using the USDA Food Security Module, during the third trimester of pregnancy and at child ages 10- and 19-months. Frequency of reported FI was defined by the number of periods with FI (0, 1, 2, or 3). Our dependent variables were feeding practices at child age 28-months using the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire. Our mediating variable was dysfunctional parent-child interactions using the Parenting Stress Index subscale at age 19-months. We used linear regression to determine associations between frequency of reported FI and feeding practices adjusting for covariates, and mediation analyses to determine if dysfunctional parent-child interactions mediate these associations.
RESULTS: Three hundred and forty four mothers completed assessments at child age 28-months. Of the 12 feeding practices examined, higher frequency of reported FI was positively associated with using food as a reward, restriction of food for weight control, and using food for emotional regulation, and was negatively associated with monitoring of less healthy foods. There was a significant indirect effect of frequency of reported FI on these practices through dysfunctional parent-child interactions.
CONCLUSIONS: Higher frequency of reported FI was associated with four feeding practices, through dysfunctional parent-child interactions. Understanding these pathways can inform preventive interventions.

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to identify independent determinants of rapid weight gain in infants at 3-4, 6, and 12 months of age.
METHODS: A cohort study was conducted on Mexican term infants in public and private settings between March 2021 and May 2023. Rapid weight gain was defined as a ≥0.67 SD change in weight-for-age-Z-score from birth to 3-4, 6, and 12 months of age. Maternal and infant characteristics were described, and infant feeding practices, appetitive traits, weight, and length were analysed at 3-4, 6, and 12 months of age. Rapid weight gain predictors were determined using generalised linear regression models.
RESULTS: In total, 168 infants were recruited (55% boys). Small-for-gestational-age status increased rapid weight gain risk 1.5 times, whereas large-for-gestational-age status represented a 20%-30% decrease. Slowness in eating decreased the risk by 10%. Protective factors were older maternal age and higher educational level, whereas formula feeding, early complementary feeding, greater food enjoyment, and satiety responsiveness increased the risk.
CONCLUSIONS: Small for gestational age, slowness in eating, and feeding practices can be rapid weight gain predictors across the first year of life.

Objective. Childhood overweight/obesity is a serious global public health issue, demanding parental involvement to reverse trends. Despite fathers\' crucial parenting roles, research on fathers and childhood overweight/obesity is limited. This scoping review examines the literature on fathers\' nutrition knowledge and feeding practices with childhood overweight/obesity. Methods. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and Arksey and O\'Malley (2005) framework, multiple databases were searched. Eligible father-child related studies focused on fathers\' nutrition knowledge, feeding practices, and childhood overweight/obesity. Results. Of 26 eligible articles, 52% originated from the United States, and 44% focused on father-child dyads. Most studies were cross-sectional (64%) and survey-based (68%). Further, 11.5% assessed fathers\' nutrition knowledge, and child feeding practices (53.4%). Conclusion. Literature on fathers\' nutrition knowledge and feeding practices concerning childhood overweight/obesity is limited. Scaling-up fathers\' inclusion in childhood nutrition research is encouraged for the design of holistic interventions.

UNASSIGNED: We aimed to evaluate the impact of maternal COVID-19 infection and separation of the mother-baby dyad on feeding practices by determining modes of feeding upon discharge and following up at 2-3 days, 14 days, and 1 month post-discharge.
UNASSIGNED: This was a prospective observational cohort study conducted at the Philippine General Hospital, a tertiary government COVID-19 referral center in Manila. Mothers who delivered between the months of July and August 2021, and whose COVID-19 status was known were followed up on their baby\'s mode of feeding at 2-3 days, 14 days, and 1 month post-discharge via phone call. For babies of COVID-19 positive mothers, presence of any symptoms (up to the 14-day time point only) as well as adherence to infection prevention and control practices were also identified.
UNASSIGNED: For all time points post-discharge, breastfeeding rates were higher in babies born to COVID-19-negative mothers and in those who were roomed in. However, the differences were not statistically significant. Of the 108 infants, 72.90% remained exclusively breastfed by 1 month of age, with 4.67% formula-fed and 22.43% on mixed feeding. Perception of insufficient milk supply was the most common reason for shifting to formula or mixed feeding. We found a significantly higher direct breastfeeding rate upon discharge in the roomed-in population compared to those admitted to the NICU. Risk factors affecting breastfeeding at 1 month of age was the presence of COVID-19 infection in the mother and mother-baby separation due to NICU admissionCOVID-19-positive mothers were 66.02% less likely (p=0.016, 95% CI 0.1411 to 0.8183) to still be breastfeeding at 1 month, and separation was not found to be a significant risk factor.
UNASSIGNED: Feeding practices can be affected not only by COVID-19 infection in the mother and its attendant difficulties such as prolonged hospital stay and physical and social isolation, but also by limitations in the hospital environment that can have an impact on breastfeeding education, support, and opportunities for mother-child bonding.

OBJECTIVE: The Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ) measures parental attitudes towards feeding practices that directly influence children\'s eating habits. This study aims to determine the reliability and validity of the Turkish adaptation of the CFPQ developed by Musher-Eizenman et al.
METHODS: Validity and reliability analyses were conducted for the Turkish version of the CFPQ (T-CFPQ). In addition to reliability analyses and partial correlations between scale dimensions, correlations between scale dimensions according to mothers\' BMI and children\'s BMI z-scores were also examined.
METHODS: Parents with children aged 18 months to 8 years living in the community.
METHODS: The study sample consisted of 274 parents with children aged 18 months to 8 years who agreed to participate in the online survey.
RESULTS: In this study, forty-seven items and twelve-factor structure describing feeding practices were supported by the confirmatory factor analysis. Although most of the dimensions of the T-CFPQ showed significant correlations with each other, the highest correlation was found between the encourage balance/variety and the dimension of modelling and teaching nutrition (r = 0·53; 0·50) (P < 0·05). There was a negative correlation between the child\'s BMI z-score and the pressure to eat dimension (r = -0·173; P < 0·01) and a positive correlation between the restriction for weight dimension (r = 0·339; P < 0·01). Maternal BMI was negatively associated with the involvement dimension (r = -0·121; P < 0·05) and positively associated with the restriction for weight dimension (r = 0·154; P < 0·01).
CONCLUSIONS: The findings revealed that the T-CFPQ is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be applied to obtain the necessary information for evaluating nutritional interactions between parent and child.

Despite Latinx grandparents\' substantial involvement in child rearing, there is limited understanding of their child feeding practices. A survey examined 80 Latinx mothers\' perception of Latinx grandparents\' feeding practices and interaction with parents. Results showed grandparents engaged in positive feeding somewhat frequently and negative feeding somewhat infrequently. Mother-grandparent disagreement and grandparent-parent(s) communication on child feeding occurred at a moderate level of frequency. Mother-grandparent disagreement was associated with higher frequency of grandparents\' negative feeding, while grandparent-parent(s) communication was associated with higher frequency of positive feeding by grandparents. Finally, grandparents\' behaviors and practices varied depending on characteristics of grandparents, mothers, and children.

(1) Background: We aimed to analyze the dimensionality, internal consistency, and structural validity of the Preschool Eating, Lifestyle, and Sleeping Attitudes Scale (PRELSA Scale), which is an instrument that was designed to measure obesogenic behaviors. (2) Methods: We carried out an observational study by means of an online survey. The PRELSA Scale consists of 13 dimensions and 60 items relating to the most common obesogenic behaviors and attitudes. Additionally, we obtained sociodemographic characteristics and concrete habits from the sample. We obtained the responses of 791 parents and caregivers of preschool children between 2 and 6 years of age in Andalusia (southern Spain). We analyzed dimensionality through an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), consistency through Cronbach\'s Alpha, structural validity through a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and measurement invariance with multigroup CFA models. (3) Results: The EFA showed a 14-dimensional structure with 48 items. The internal consistency was acceptable in all dimensions (Cronbach\'s Alpha range of 0.72 to 0.97). The structure was confirmed in the CFA with good fit indices (CFI and TLI > 0.9 and RMSEA < 0.05). We ensured that the scale had measurement invariance regarding education, income, and marital status. (4) Conclusions: The PRELSA Scale shows promising properties that have the potential to measure obesogenic behaviors in Spain, which could be the basis for future interventions associated with the prevention of childhood obesity in healthcare and educational settings.