BACKGROUND: The systems of dietary and body that favor the prevention and control of type 2 diabetes (T2D) go against what is vital for most of the migrant population, exposing them to conflicts of norms that are difficult to reconcile. The purpose of this scoping review is to identify factors that may influence the acceptance or rejection of dietary and body norm systems favorable to the prevention and control of T2D by sub-Saharan Africa migrants living with T2D.
METHODS: An electronic search of studies from 2011 to 2022, published in English, Italian, French, or Portuguese was conducted in seven databases and in gray literature. The selection of articles was done independently and blindly by six teams of two researchers in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria defined by the PICO.
RESULTS: Seven studies were included. The results show several factors influencing the acceptance or rejection of dietary and body norms systems favorable to the prevention and control of T2D among the migrants from sub-Saharan Africa, mainly social network, income, availability, and affordability of foods, among others.
CONCLUSIONS: Given the paucity of studies available on factors influencing the acceptance or rejection of body norm systems favorable to the prevention and control of T2D by sub-Saharan Africa migrants living with T2D, further studies are needed to better document these factors. A better understanding of these factors and their influence on the well-being of migrant people from sub-Saharan Africa living with T2D could help guide policy, research, and interventions so that they are better adapted to the realities of these populations.

Introduction Frailty is noticed in a large number of cirrhotic patients with advanced liver disease. Frailty not only disposes cirrhotic patients to increased rates of decompensation and hospitalization but also leads to prolonged hospital stay and increased psychological and social impact, resulting in the delisting of these patients from the transplant list. Therefore, our aim was to identify the factors that are independent predictors of frailty in patients with liver cirrhosis. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan, from March 1, 2022, to August 31, 2022. All the patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis and aged 18-70 years were included in the study. The excluded patients comprised those with disorders that over-estimate frailty such as cardiopulmonary disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. The measurement of the Liver Frailty Index (LFI) was done using the hand grip strength method, timed chair stands, and balance testing. Patients with LFI >4.5 were considered frail. All data was entered and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0 (Released 2013; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Continuous variables were analyzed using the student-t test while categorical variables were analyzed using the chi-square test. Variables with significance on univariate analysis then underwent multivariate analysis to identify the independent predictors of frailty in cirrhotic patients. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 132 patients were included in the study. Out of them, 89 (67.4%) were males. On assessment, 51 (38.6%) patients were frail on presentation. On univariate analysis, female gender, advanced age, raised total leucocyte count, increased percentage of neutrophils on peripheral smear, raised serum creatinine, raised total bilirubin, raised prothrombin time, high Child Turcotte Pugh (CTP) score, and high model for end-stage liver disease along with low hemoglobin and low serum albumin levels were statistically significantly associated with frailty in cirrhosis. On multivariate analysis, female gender, age >40 years, CTP>B7, Hemoglobin <10g/dl, and neutrophils >60% on peripheral smear were independent predictors of liver frailty in cirrhotic patients. Conclusion Female gender, advanced age, increased neutrophils on peripheral smear, decreased hemoglobin along with increased degree of liver dysfunction were independent predictors of increased frailty in patients with chronic liver disease.

UNASSIGNED: Contraceptives uses are issues of concern around the world due to the adverse effects of unsafe sexual behaviours, such as unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases among women.
UNASSIGNED: To investigate the factors influencing use of contraceptives among literate married women in Ogbomoso South Local Government Area, Oyo State. The study also examined whether the variables of age, religion and educational qualification would influence the respondent\'s view.
UNASSIGNED: Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. Purposive sampling technique was adopted to draw a total of 210 respondents. A questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. Mean and rank order was used to answer the research question while Analysis of Variance was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance.
UNASSIGNED: Findings revealed that factors influencing contraceptive use among literate married women are educational qualification, health condition and number of children among others. Findings also revealed that there were no significant differences in the factors influencing use of contraceptives among literate married women based on age and religious affiliation while significant difference was found in educational qualification.
UNASSIGNED: Majority of the respondents attested to the factors influencing contraceptive use among literate married women. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that contextual and cultural considerations are recommended for comprehensive understanding of factors influencing contraceptive use among Nigerian women, educative interventions by service providers on the necessity of continuous contraception even at older age before menopause should be recommended.

The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is a cytoprotective response in response to cellular stress that is activated in response to mitochondrial stress to maintain intra-protein homeostasis, thereby protecting the cell from a variety of stimuli. The activation of this response has been linked to cardiovascular diseases. Here, we reviewed the current understanding of UPRmt and discussed its specific molecular mechanism, mainly in mammals, as well as addressing its protective role against cardiovascular diseases, so as to provide direction for further research on UPRmt and therapies targeting cardiovascular diseases in the future.

BACKGROUND: Chest-physiotherapy is a key element in treatment of cystic fibrosis and patient adherence is a major issue in global cystic fibrosis care. This study aims to assess adherence to chest physiotherapy in adults with cystic fibrosis who not treated with tritherapy and to analyze the impact of certain factors on adherence.
METHODS: Thus is a cross-sectional study, conducted using a questionnaire and a physiotherapy evaluation. Adherence to this treatment was measured in terms of quantitative and qualitative aspects. The impact on adherence of 15 factors was then assessed.
RESULTS: Only 47% of patients could be considered as adherent, with a significant disparity between a quantitative and qualitative assessment. Gender, working time, pathology severity, the fact of being regularly followed by a physiotherapist, the perceived benefit of the sessions and their replacement by physical activity, seem associated with adherence to this treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: Taking into account the qualitative aspect of the sessions, our study reveals a low rate, in our cohort, of adherence to respiratory physiotherapy, and highlights six factors likely to predominate. Regular follow-up by a physiotherapist seems to be a determining factor in adherence to this treatment.

OBJECTIVE: Identifying children and/or adolescents who are at highest risk for developing chronic depression is of utmost importance, so that we can develop more effective and targeted interventions to attenuate the risk trajectory of depression. To address this, the objective of this study was to identify young people with persistent depressive symptoms across adolescence and young adulthood and examine the prospective associations between factors and persistent depressive symptoms in young people.
METHODS: We used data from 6711 participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Depressive symptoms were assessed at 12.5, 13.5, 16, 17.5, 21 and 22 years with the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, and we further examined the influence of multiple biological, psychological and social factors in explaining chronic depressive symptoms.
RESULTS: Using latent class growth analysis, we identified four trajectories of depressive symptoms: persistent high, persistent low, persistent moderate and increasing high. After applying several logistic regression models, we found that loneliness and feeling less connected at school were the most relevant factors for chronic course of depressive symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings contribute with the identification of those children who are at highest risk for developing chronic depressive symptoms.

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Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for humans and its low or high concentration in vivo is associated with the high risk of many diseases. It is important to identify influential factors of Se status. The present study aimed to explore the association between several factors (Se intake, gender, age, race, education, body mass index (BMI), income, smoking and alcohol status) and blood Se concentration using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2020 data. Demographic characteristics, physical examination, health interviews and diets were compared among quartiles of blood Se concentration using the Rao-Scott χ2 test. Se levels were compared between the different groups of factors studied, measuring the strength of their association. A total of 6205 participants were finally included. The normal reference ranges of blood Se concentration were 142.3 (2.5th percentile) and 240.8 μg/L (97.5th percentile), respectively. The mean values of dietary Se intake, total Se intake and blood Se concentration of the participants were 111.5 μg/day, 122.7 μg/day and 188.7 μg/L, respectively, indicating they were in the normal range. Total Se intake was the most important contributor of blood Se concentration. Gender, race, education status, income, BMI, smoking and alcohol status were associated with blood Se concentration.

To study the potential risk factors associated with mortality in patients with mucormycosis. A retrospective study of 490 patients with diagnosis of sinonasal mucormycosis was done. They were divided in two groups-Group A included 87 patients that expired during the study period and Group B included 403 control patients. All the demographic, clinical and outcome parameters were collected from the patient\'s record files and noted in a structured case proforma and were analysed. During the mean hospital stay of 22 ± 6 days, 17.7% patients expired during the treatment course. Multiple risk factors like uncontrolled diabetes, dyselectrolytemia, underlying renal disease and extensive nature of the disease involving orbit, intracranium and with pulmonary dissemination, all were associated with high mortality in Mucormycosis. Early recognition and appropriate management of the secondary factors can grossly reduce the risk of mortality in patients with mucormycosis.

UNASSIGNED: In developing countries as well as Ethiopia, stunting continues to be a major public health burden. Thus, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to synthesize the updated pooled prevalence and its determinants of stunting in Ethiopia.
UNASSIGNED: This systematic review and meta-analysis follow the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The protocol has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, University of York Center for Reviews, and disseminated at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/, with the registration number (CRD42024542984). A wide-ranging literature search was carried out using PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Hinari, AJOL, and Google Scholar. All lists of qualified study references from 2013 to 2023 were recovered. The pooled estimate with a 95% CI was calculated using a random-effects model in STATA version 13 software. I 2 and meta-bias statistics were used to assess the heterogeneity of the incorporated studies.
UNASSIGNED: This study included 29 articles with a total of 23,511 participants from 29 qualified studies. The current study found that the pooled prevalence of stunting among children aged 6-59 months was 43% (95% CI: 42-44). Children who were not exclusively breastfed (OR = 2.39; 95% CI: 1.61-3.54), male children (OR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.13-2.31), children whose mothers had no antenatal care follow-up (OR = 3.03; 95% CI: 1.36-6.76), and women who had no formal education (OR = 4.55; 95% CI: 2.29-9.05) were significantly associated with stunting.
UNASSIGNED: In Ethiopia, nearly half of the children suffer from stunting, with those who are not breastfed, the sex of the child, children whose mothers had no antenatal care follow-up, and had no formal education having higher odds of stunting. To reduce the burden, strategies must be designed to intervene and improve maternal health literacy, focusing on children\'s nutrition and health-care utilization.