Sauroleishmania spp. comprises one of the four Leishmania subgenera, which has been historically considered a non-pathogenic protozoan of reptiles. However, some strains appear to be transiently infective to mammals, and recent findings have detected these parasites in dogs and humans in areas where leishmaniasis is endemic. Herein, the digestion pattern of PCR-RFLP of the 234 bp-hsp70 fragment was evaluated as a simpler and cheaper tool to distinguish the Sauroleishmania species from the other Leishmania subgenera. As a result, the digestion of the 234 bp-hsp70 fragments with HaeIII produced a banding pattern specific to the four Sauroleishmania strains assessed. This technique could contribute to the identification of Leishmania parasites isolated from sandflies, reptiles, or even mammals in fieldworks as an alternative to the use of laborious and expensive methodologies.

BACKGROUND: Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is the most common enteric virus that infects canids. CPV is the causative agent of a contagious disease defined mostly by clinical gastrointestinal signs in dogs. During the late 1970s, CPV-2 emerged as a new virus capable of infecting domestic dogs and growing across the world. The VP2 gene stands out as a key determinant in the pathogenicity, antigenicity, and host interactions of CPV-2.
OBJECTIVE: The molecular characterization of the VP2 gene is crucial for understanding CPV evolution and epidemiology.
METHODS: Genes encoding the VP2 protein were sequenced and compared to reference strains worldwide. The maximum likelihood method was used to build a phylogenetic tree using CPV VP2 gene nucleotide sequences.
RESULTS: Our phylogenetic analysis of the VP2 gene revealed that five strains were very similar and clustered together, and three strains were in the 2b clade, whereas the other two were in the 2a/2b clade.
CONCLUSIONS: This paper reports the molecular characterization of two novel CPV-2a/2b subtypes in dogs with gastrointestinal symptoms. Genetic analysis was conducted on a CPV genomic region encompassing one of the open reading frames (ORFs) encoding the structural protein VP2. Sequence analysis indicates new and unreported sequence changes, mainly affecting the VP2 gene, which includes the mutations Ser297Ala and Leu87Met. This study represents the first evidence of a new CPV-2a/2b subtype in Türkiye. Due to VP2\'s crucial role in encoding the capsid protein of CPV-2 and its significant involvement in the host-virus interaction, it is critical to closely monitor its evolutionary changes and be cautious while searching for novel or pre-existing subtypes.
CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the significance of continuous molecular research for acquiring more insights on the circulation of novel CPV mutants.

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, companion and working dogs hold significant social and economic importance. Dry eye, also known as dry keratoconjunctivitis (KCS), a common disease in ophthalmology, can readily impact a dog\'s working capacity and lead to economic losses. Although there are several medications available for this disease, all of them only improve the symptoms on the surface of the eye, and they are irritating and not easy to use for long periods of time. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC) are promising candidates for tissue regeneration and disease treatment. However, long-term in vitro passaging leads to stemness loss of ADMSC. Here, we aimed to use ADMSC overexpressing Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (SPARC) to treat 0.25% benzalkonium chloride-treated dogs with dry eye to verify its efficacy. For in vitro validation, we induced corneal epithelial cell (HCECs) damage using 1 µg/mL benzalkonium chloride.
METHODS: Fifteen male crossbred dogs were randomly divided into five groups: normal, dry eye self-healing control, cyclosporine-treated, ADMSC-CMV-treated and ADMSC-OESPARC-treated. HCECs were divided into four groups: normal control group, untreated model group, ADMSC-CMV supernatant culture group and ADMSC-OESRARC supernatant culture group.
RESULTS: SPARC-modified ADMSC had the most significant effect on canine ocular surface inflammation, corneal injury, and tear recovery, and the addition of ADMSC-OESPARC cell supernatant also had a salvage effect on HCECs cellular damage, such as cell viability and cell proliferation ability. Moreover, analysis of the co-transcriptome sequencing data showed that SPARC could promote corneal epithelial cell repair by enhancing the in vitro viability, migration and proliferation and immunosuppression of ADMSC.
CONCLUSIONS: The in vitro cell test and in vivo model totally suggest that the combination of SPARC and ADMSC has a promising future in novel dry eye therapy.

Capnocytophaga canimorsus and Capnocytophaga cynodegmi are commensal bacteria in the oral cavities of dogs. Both are zoonotic pathogens that could infect humans via dog bites. C. canimorsus may cause life-threatening infections in humans, whereas C. cynodegmi infections tend to be milder and more localized. Capsular serovars A-C of C. canimorsus seem to be virulence-associated. Some of the C. canimorsus serovars described to date can also be detected in other Capnocytophaga species, including C. cynodegmi. The objective of this pilot study was to investigate the emergence of C. canimorsus and C. cynodegmi after birth in oral cavities of puppies and to evaluate the impact of the dam\'s Capnocytophaga spp. carrier status on the emergence. Ten litters, altogether 59 puppies, were included in the study. The puppies and their dams were sampled at five time points over seven weeks after whelping. Oral swab samples taken were investigated for the presence of C. canimorsus and C. cynodegmi by species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the specificity of which was verified by sequencing a selection of the PCR products. Samples that were positive in Capnocytophaga PCR reactions were also capsular-typed by PCR to gain more knowledge about the Capnocytophaga spp. present in the samples. Altogether 10.2% and 11.9% of puppies, or 20.0% and 30.0% of litters tested PCR-positive for C. canimorsus and C. cynodegmi, respectively. Capnocytophaga PCR-positive puppy samples were always positive for only C. cynodegmi or C. canimorsus, not both. Most Capnocytophaga PCR-positive puppies became positive at the age of 5 to 7 weeks. Only a minority (5/16) of the C. cynodegmi PCR-positive dog samples were positive in capsular typing PCR, whereas all C. canimorsus PCR-positive dog samples were negative in capsular typing PCR. For all Capnocytophaga PCR-positive puppies, their dam was positive for the same Capnocytophaga species. These results suggest that puppies become colonized by C. cynodegmi or C. canimorsus from their dams at the time of deciduous teeth eruption.

Furry animal allergens, particularly cat and dog hair and dander, are common allergens in indoor environments, affecting the health of people world widely. Key sensitizing components such as Fel d 1 from cats and Can f 1 from dogs have been extensively studied and identified by the scientific community. Component resolved diagnosis (CRD) technology in modern diagnostic methods provides an accurate way to identify and distinguish these components, which is extremely important for the prevention of furry animal allergies and the formulation of personalized treatment strategies. To enhance the understanding of furry animal component diagnosis and promote the alignment of the Chinese discipline of allergology with international standards, this article interprets and explains the content of the \"Molecular Allergology User\'s Guide 2.0\" recently released by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. It focuses on the epidemiological characteristics of furry animal components, the diversity of allergen protein families, and their clinical diagnosis and management.
毛皮动物过敏原，尤其是猫狗的毛皮和皮屑，是室内环境中常见的过敏原，影响全球广泛人群。关键的致敏组分，如猫的Fel d 1和狗的Can f 1，已被科学界广泛研究并识别。现代诊断方法中的过敏原组分诊断（component resolved diagnosis，CRD）技术提供了一种精确识别和区分这些组分的方式，这对于预防毛皮动物过敏的发生以及制定个性化的治疗策略极为重要。为加强对毛皮动物组分诊断的认识并促进我国变态反应学科与国际接轨，本文对近期欧洲过敏与临床免疫学会发布的《过敏原组分诊断指导建议2.0》进行内容解读，着重阐述了毛皮动物过敏原的流行病学特征、过敏原蛋白家族多样性及其临床诊断和管理。.

Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) represent a significant health concern in dogs, with a high incidence among intact female dogs. CMTs are a promising comparative model for human breast cancer, due to sharing several pathophysiological features. Additionally, CMTs have a strong genetic correlation with their human counterpart, including the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs are a class of non-coding RNAs that play important roles in post-translational regulation of gene expression, being implicated in carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. Moreover, miRNAs hold promise as diagnostic, prognostic, and metastatic biomarkers. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying CMTs is crucial for improving diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of treatments. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on miRNAs in CMTs, highlighting their roles in carcinogenesis and their potential as biomarkers. Additionally, we highlight the current limitations and critically discuss the overarching challenges in this field, emphasizing the need for future research to translate miRNA findings into veterinary clinical practice.

BACKGROUND: Dog bites pose a significant public health concern in India, necessitating an understanding of their epidemiological profile and spatial distribution. Adopting the One Health approach, which considers the interconnection of human, animal, and environmental health, is vital for developing effective interventions.
OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to assess the epidemiological profile and geospatial trends of dog bite cases in an urban area, focusing on the age and gender distribution of victims, severity of bites, and spatial distribution of cases to inform prevention strategies.
METHODS: A retrospective secondary data analysis was conducted on dog bite cases reported in 2022 at a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai. The epidemiological profile, including age, gender, and severity of bites, was examined. Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) was utilized for spatial distribution analysis, identifying hotspots within the urban area.
RESULTS: Of the 3350 cases, 70.7% were below 40 years old, 81.6% were male, and 78.18% had Category III bites indicating severe injuries. Most cases (74%) were caused by stray dogs. QGIS analysis revealed five hotspots within the urban area.
CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights the predominance of dog bites among younger males and the severity of injuries. Spatial analysis identified specific hotspots, underscoring the need for targeted interventions. Implementing a comprehensive surveillance system incorporating GIS technology and adopting a One Health approach can enhance the control and prevention of dog bite cases and reduce the risk of rabies outbreaks.

A 5-year-old spayed female mixed-breed dog was referred to the Atlantic Veterinary College (Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island) because of a 7-month history of intermittent pink, mucoid, vulvar discharge. The dog was imported from the Bahamas at 3.5 y of age and had a history of transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) of the vulva that was successfully treated with a course of vincristine chemotherapy. Complete remission was achieved with a disease-free interval of 6 mo before clinical signs recurred. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scan identified a large caudal abdominal mass thought to arise from the uterine stump. An exploratory laparotomy was performed and the mass grossly excised. Histopathology was consistent with a poorly differentiated round cell tumor, and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed TVT as the most likely diagnosis. No further treatment was carried out. Repeat abdominal ultrasound at 4 mo after surgery showed no evidence of mass recurrence. At 8 mo after surgery, the dog was reported to be doing well clinically. Key clinical message: Transmissible venereal tumor should be considered as a differential diagnosis for masses arising from the deep genital tissues of dogs in cases where there is a history of previous TVT. Transmissible venereal tumor should be considered even in dogs that have had complete resolution of a primary mass after chemotherapy.
Tumeur vénérienne transmissible du moignon utérin à la suite d’une chimiothérapie réussie chez un chien croisé de 5 ans.Une chienne de race mixte de 5 ans, stérilisée, a été référée au Atlantic Veterinary College (Charlottetown, Île-du-Prince-Édouard) en raison d’antécédents de pertes vulvaires roses, mucoïdes et intermittentes depuis 7 mois. Le chien a été importé des Bahamas à l’âge de 3,5 ans et avait des antécédents de tumeur vénérienne transmissible (TVT) de la vulve qui a été traitée avec succès par une chimiothérapie à la vincristine. Une rémission complète a été obtenue avec un intervalle sans maladie de 6 mois avant la réapparition des signes cliniques. L’échographie abdominale et la tomodensitométrie ont identifié une grosse masse abdominale caudale qui proviendrait du moignon utérin. Une laparotomie exploratoire a été réalisée et la masse excisée. L’histopathologie était compatible avec une tumeur à cellules rondes peu différenciée et l’analyse immunohistochimique a confirmé la TVT comme le diagnostic le plus probable. Aucun autre traitement n’a été effectué. Une échographie abdominale répétée 4 mois après la chirurgie n’a montré aucun signe de récidive massive. Huit mois après l’opération, la chienne se portait bien cliniquement.Message clinique clé:Les tumeurs vénériennes transmissibles doivent être considérées comme un diagnostic différentiel pour les masses provenant des tissus génitaux profonds des chiens dans les cas où il existe des antécédents de TVT. Une tumeur vénérienne transmissible doit être envisagée même chez les chiens dont la masse primaire a complètement disparu après chimiothérapie.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

An 8-year-old castrated male Maltese dog was presented with a urinary bladder mass, urolithiasis, and hematuria. A solitary, pedunculated, intraluminal mass on the caudodorsal wall was identified with extensive irregular bladder wall thickening, and the mass was surgically removed. Postoperative histopathology demonstrated a submucosal lesion comprising spindle cells with marked inflammatory cell infiltration, without malignant changes. Immunohistochemical staining revealed vimentin and desmin positivity in the mass. An inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) was definitively diagnosed. No recurrence was observed during a 43-month follow-up period. Although IMTs are rare in dogs, they should be considered a differential diagnosis for mass-like urinary bladder lesions accompanying a chronic inflammatory disease process. Key clinical message: Canine IMT should be included in the differential diagnoses of bladder masses, especially when dogs exhibit chronic irritation and inflammation.
Tumeur myofibroblastique inflammatoire de la vessie chez un chienUn chien maltais mâle castré de 8 ans a été présenté avec une masse à la vessie, une lithiase urinaire et une hématurie. Une masse intraluminale pédonculée solitaire sur la paroi caudodorsale a été identifiée avec un épaississement important et irrégulier de la paroi vésicale, et la masse a été retirée chirurgicalement. L’histopathologie postopératoire a mis en évidence une lésion à la sous-muqueuse comprenant des cellules fusiformes avec une infiltration cellulaire inflammatoire marquée, sans modification maligne. La coloration immunohistochimique a révélé une positivité à la vimentine et à la desmine dans la masse. Une tumeur myofibroblastique inflammatoire (IMT) a été définitivement diagnostiquée. Aucune récidive n’a été observée au cours d’une période de suivi de 43 mois. Bien que les IMT soient rares chez le chien, ils doivent être considérés comme un diagnostic différentiel des lésions de la vessie de type masse accompagnant un processus de maladie inflammatoire chronique.Message clinique clé:L’IMT canine doit être incluse dans les diagnostics différentiels des masses vésicales, en particulier lorsque les chiens présentent une irritation et une inflammation chroniques.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

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