目的:描述在圣地亚哥野生动物园的南部白犀牛(SWR;Ceratotheriumsimumsimum)和更大的单角犀牛(GOHR;Rhinocerosunicornis)爆发的水疱性口炎病毒(VSV),CA,2023年5月至9月。
方法:专业管理护理中的21SWR和5GOHR。
方法:这两个物种的犀牛都有一系列临床症状和严重程度。病变位置分类为皮肤(冠状动脉带,高跟鞋和鞋底,四肢,腹肌,颈部褶皱,和耳朵)和皮肤粘膜(嘴唇,鼻孔,口腔粘膜,和外阴)。临床症状包括嗜睡,跛行,理解困难,缺氧到厌食症,和唾液分泌过度。严重受影响的犀牛的临床病理结果与全身性炎症一致。
结果:通过PCR从10/26(38%)犀牛的病变拭子中确认了水泡性口炎。在这10例确诊病例中,9(90%)为SWR,1(10%)为GOHR。另有6/26(24%)被认为是可能的病例,10/26(38%)根据临床体征被认为是可疑病例,但由于住房环境无法适当取样,无法确认。3头犀牛的组织病理学样本与VSV一致,1例通过RNA原位杂交将病毒RNA定位在组织学病变中。尽管有2只动物患有严重的全身性疾病,但所有犀牛都在感染中幸存下来。
结论:本病例系列描述了两种犀牛中VSV的临床表现和进展。就作者所知,这是犀牛中VSV的第一份报告。
OBJECTIVE: To describe an outbreak of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in southern white rhinoceros (SWR; Ceratotherium simum simum) and greater one-horned rhinoceros (GOHR; Rhinoceros unicornis) at a safari park in San Diego, CA, from May to September 2023.
METHODS: 21 SWR and 5 GOHR in professionally managed care.
METHODS: Rhinoceros of both species presented with a range of clinical signs and severities. Lesion locations were categorized as cutaneous (coronary bands, heels and soles, limbs, ventrum, neck folds, and ears) and mucocutaneous (lips, nostrils, mucous membranes of the oral cavity, and vulva). Clinical signs included lethargy, lameness, difficulty with prehension, hyporexia to anorexia, and hypersalivation. Severely affected rhinoceros had clinical pathology findings consistent with systemic inflammation.
RESULTS: Vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus was confirmed via PCR from swabs of lesions in 10/26 (38%) rhinoceros. Of these 10 confirmed cases, 9 (90%) were SWR and 1 (10%) was a GOHR. A further 6/26 (24%) were considered probable cases, and 10/26 (38%) were considered suspect cases based on clinical signs, but the inability to appropriately sample due to the housing environment precluded confirmation. Histopathology samples from 3 rhinoceros were consistent with VSV, and viral RNA was localized in histologic lesions via RNA in situ hybridization for 1 case. All rhinoceros survived infection despite severe systemic illness in 2 animals.
CONCLUSIONS: This case series describes the clinical appearance and progression of VSV in 2 rhinoceros species. To the authors\' knowledge, this is the first report of VSV in a rhinoceros.