OBJECTIVE: Online resources are increasingly being utilised by patients to guide their clinical decision making, as an alternative or supplement to the traditional clinical-patient relationship. YouTube is an online repository of user and community generated videos, which is one of the most popular websites globally. We undertook a study to examine the quality of information presented in YouTube videos related to tonsillectomy.
METHODS: We completed a systematic search of YouTube in May 2023 and identified 88 videos for inclusion in our study. Videos were published in the English language, focussing on tonsillectomy and tonsillectomy recovery, and were greater than 2 min in length. We recorded video quality metrics and two authors independently analysed the quality of information using three validated quality assessment tools described in the literature including the modified DISCERN, Global Quality Score, and the JAMA Benchmark Criteria.
RESULTS: The overall quality of the information was low with mean quality scores of Modified DISCERN (1.8 ± 1.3), GQS (2.6 ± 1.2), and JAMA Benchmark Criteria (1.6 ± 0.7). Information published by medical sources including medical professionals, healthcare organisations, and medical education channels scored significantly higher compared to non-medical sources across all quality measures and were of moderate overall quality and usefulness: Modified DISCERN (2.5 ± 1.1 vs 0.8 ± 0.9, z = -6.0, p < 0.001), GQS (3.2 ± 1.0 vs 1.7 ± 0.9, z = -5.7, p < 0.001), and JAMA (1.9 ± 0.8 vs 1.1 ± 0.3, z = -5.2, p < 0.001). Videos published during or after 2018 scored higher on Modified DISCERN (z = -3.2,p = 0.001) but not on GQS or JAMA. Video quality metrics such as total view count, likes, and comments, and channel subscriber count, did not correlate with higher video quality. However, amongst videos published by authoritative medical sources, total view count correlated positively with higher Modified DISCERN quality scores (p = 0.037).
CONCLUSIONS: The overall quality and usefulness of YouTube videos on tonsillectomy is of low quality, but information published by authoritative medical sources score significantly higher. Clinicians should be mindful of increasing use of online information sources such as YouTube when counselling patients. Further research is needed in the medical community to create engaging, high-quality content to provide guidance for patients.

BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a chronic multifactorial disorder in women of reproductive age group, is a major public health problem. With most women resorting to platforms like \"YouTube\" that form a perfect source of edutainment, our aim was to analyze the quality of content available regarding the same.
OBJECTIVE: The aims and objectives of this study were to assess the quality and reliability of content related to PCOS on YouTube by analyzing the DISCERN score, global quality score (GQS), and video power index (VPI).
METHODS: It was a facility-based cross-sectional study undertaken on a single day with each author reviewing 10 videos from YouTube on PCOS using predetermined keywords. The number of likes, dislikes, views, comments, and uploader backgrounds were evaluated. DISCERN score, GQS, and VPI were also calculated for each video. While data entry was done using Microsoft Excel 2020 (Microsoft Corporation, Washington, United States), the analysis was carried out using SPSS Statistics version 16 (SPSS Inc. Released 2007. SPSS for Windows, Version 16.0. Chicago, SPSS Inc.). Categorical variables were expressed as frequency and percentages, and statistical significance was determined using the Kruskal-Wallis test/one-way ANOVA.
RESULTS: A total of 80 videos that fit the inclusion criteria were analyzed. A majority of the videos (80%) were posted a year back with no updates. Only 28.8% of the video content was posted by doctors. Though most videos (96.25%) shared information pertaining to symptomatology, only 45% spoke regarding prevention. Promotional content was noted in 28.75% of the video content. GQS and VPI were better with information being provided by doctors, hospitals, and healthcare organizations (p-value 0.033 and 0.006, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS: With women reaching out to edutainment platforms like YouTube to clarify their concerns surrounding lifestyle diseases such as PCOS in the digital era, it becomes relevant to evaluate the quality of content available on such platforms. The findings of the study form a prototype for addressing the existing gaps in the knowledge available on YouTube. Furthermore, the findings warrant frequent monitoring of such available web-based content and delivery of such content only from qualified wellness experts.

Background and objective Intragastric botulinum toxin (Botox) applications have emerged as a novel endoscopic intervention method to treat obesity. YouTube stands out as one of the primary online platforms frequently utilized for accessing health-related information. In light of this, this study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of informational videos about gastric Botox on YouTube. Materials and methods In July 2023, a comprehensive evaluation of gastric Botox information videos on YouTube was conducted by querying \"Gastric Botox\" on YouTube. A total of 70 videos were initially reviewed and 48 videos were meticulously analyzed by a general surgeon. Videos were categorized based on their sources and attributes and evaluated using standard scales like the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) score, modified DISCERN, and the Global Quality Scale (GQS). Results A total of 48 videos were assessed. Of these, 2.1% originated from academic institutions, 20.8% from private hospitals/organizations, and 52.1% from physicians. Videos by other healthcare professionals accounted for 2.1%, health information websites 12.5%, and independent users 10.4%. Video durations varied significantly across sources (p<0.001). Independent user videos had the highest likes/views. JAMA scores (p=0.009) and DISCERN scores (p=0.045) showed significant differences among sources. Academic institution videos had a median JAMA score of 4; independent users scored 1. As for DISCERN, academic videos scored the highest at 5, while independent users scored the lowest at 1.8. Conclusions YouTube is filled with healthcare information videos today. Although the quality and reliability scores based on conventional assessment methods might be moderate, we advise utilizing videos from academic institutions and reputable health information websites as primary sources to educate patients about gastric Botox.

BACKGROUND: Internet-based medical education plays a crucial role in bolstering public health awareness and the competence of medical professionals; however, it must be dependable. We aimed to examine the quality and reliability of the videos uploaded to YouTube (YouTube, LLC, San Bruno, California, United States) by professional healthcare professionals about scoliosis from 2014 to 2023.
METHODS: The study was performed between August 1 and August 15, 2023. The keywords \'scoliosis\', \'scoliosis-kyphosis brace\', \'scoliosis exercises\', \'scoliosis surgeries\', and \'scoliosis-kyphosis exercises\' were searched on YouTube. Only YouTube videos uploaded by healthcare professionals between January 1, 2014, and July 31, 2023, and only videos in the English language were examined. Video characteristics were evaluated and recorded for all videos. The quality and reliability of videos were assessed with two different questionnaire scales including the modified DISCERN score and the Global Quality Score (GQS).
RESULTS: The mean number of views per video was 3778 in videos uploaded between 2014 and 2018, and 3120 in videos uploaded between 2019 and 2023 (p= 0.004). Video length and number of likes were statistically significantly lower in the videos of the last five years (p=0.001, and p=0.001). Thirty-one percent of the professional videos uploaded between 2014 and 2018 were directed at healthcare professionals. This rate was 12% in the last five years and was statistically significantly lower (p=0.001). The DISCERN score average was 3.7 between 2014 and 2018 and it was 3.2 between 2019 and 2023 (p=0.001). Similarly, the mean GQS was statistically significantly higher in the last five years compared to the five years prior (3.8 vs. 3.3, p=0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: The present study determined that the quality and reliability of YouTube videos about scoliosis significantly increased in the last five years compared to the previous five years with a significant decrease in video duration. Also, among videos uploaded in the last five years, the number of videos for the patient was significantly higher. In contrast, the \'like\' and \'view\' numbers were significantly lower in YouTube videos about scoliosis in the last five years.

Introduction The increasing prevalence of obesity has led to the popularity of bariatric and metabolic surgery, often sought through medical tourism due to constraints within public healthcare systems. This study aimed to examine the quality and impact of YouTube videos related to bariatric surgery within the context of medical tourism. Materials and methods In June 2023, a YouTube search for \"Bariatric Surgery Medical Tourism\" and \"Obesity Surgery Medical Tourism\" yielded the top 200 videos, from which 33 were chosen after applying exclusion criteria. These videos underwent further screening based on source, duration, and content. Quality was assessed using established scales, including the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) criteria, the Global Quality Scale (GQS), and modified DISCERN score. Results Thirty-three videos were chosen for comprehensive analysis. Among the videos, 48.5% portrayed patient experiences in the context of medical tourism bariatric surgery, providing valuable insights. The videos had varying durations and engagement metrics, with an average GQS score of 2.09, JAMA score of 2.57, and DISCERN score of 3.06. Notably, videos depicting patient experiences had distinct characteristics and higher evaluation scores, emphasizing their significance within the study. Conclusion This study assessed YouTube videos related to bariatric surgery within the realm of medical tourism. The research illuminated diverse facets of medical tourism concerning obesity surgery and the quality of information disseminated on YouTube. Although patient experience videos received higher quality ratings, the overall reliability and content diversity underscored the potential and challenges of utilizing YouTube as an information source for medical tourism.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to assess the quality and reliability of the disease information available on YouTube (www.youtube.com) about \"heart attacks\" or myocardial infarctions, using a Global Quality Score (GQS) for quality, a DISCERN score for reliability, and a Video Power Index (VPI) for popularity.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional observational study, the YouTube videos were analyzed in terms of the type of uploader, content, and other factors. The GQS, DISCERN score, and Video Power Index (VPI) were utilized to assess the quality, reliability, and popularity of the information, respectively.
RESULTS: The majority of the videos (78.44%) were uploaded over a year ago. Only 33.34% and 7.84% were uploaded by doctors and healthcare organizations, respectively. Around 72.55% of the videos contained information about symptoms, 66.67% discussed the causes, 52.94% covered treatment, and 47.06% focused on prevention. Additionally, 41.18% provided details on investigations, while only 19.61% touched upon mortality. Patient-created videos accounted for 19.61% of the content, and 15.69% of the videos included promotional material.
CONCLUSIONS: The main outcome of our study indicates that the YouTube videos examined regarding myocardial infarctions exhibit high-quality content, as supported by a higher average GQS score. The consistent quality of information discovered in our study suggests that YouTube can serve as an additional platform for sharing knowledge and educating individuals about this important health condition. By raising awareness and delivering accurate information, these videos can help in early detection, prevention, and better outcomes for individuals who are at risk of experiencing a myocardial infarction.

UNASSIGNED: The aim of the study was to clarify the reliability and quality of English videos about Coronary artery bypass grafting on YouTubeTM.
UNASSIGNED: The study was performed between July 16 and July 30. A cardiovascular surgeon searched for terms including \"coronary artery disease,\" \"coronary artery treatment,\" \"coronary artery bypass\" and \"coronary artery bypass surgery,\" in YouTubeTM. All videos were classified into two groups according to the source who uploaded the video as professional videos and non-professional videos. Video characteristics including duration of video on YouTube™, length of video, and view numbers for each video were recorded. Moreover, the numbers of \"comments,\" \"likes,\" and \"dislikes\" were noted. Furthermore, the target audience of the videos (professional health care worker and patients) was analyzed, DISCERN score and Global quality score (GQS) were calculated for each video.
UNASSIGNED: Totally, 812 videos were divided into two groups according to upload sources; 448 videos were categorized as professional videos and 364 videos were categorized as non-professional videos. The mean number of views was 3220.5 for professional videos and 2216.5 for non-professional videos (p=0.001). In addition, the mean \"like\" numbers and mean comment numbers were significantly higher for professional videos (p=0.001 and p=0.001). The mean DISCERN score was 2.6 for professional videos and 1.5 for non-professional videos (p=0.001). Similarly, the mean GSQ was significantly higher for professional videos (3.5 vs. 2.5, p=0.001).
UNASSIGNED: YouTube™ videos which are shared by professional healthcare workers have better quality and reliability with significantly higher DISCERN score and GQS.

Introduction Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) causes excessive eye tearing or mucoid discharge. Twenty percent of one-year-olds globally have CNLDO. There are many sources that offer information to parents. This study evaluates the quality and accuracy of CNLDO-related YouTube videos. Methods The first 100 videos that appeared after typing \"congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction\" in the YouTube search engine were evaluated. These videos were also analyzed and scored using the DISCERN, Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), and Global Quality Scoring (GQS) systems. Results Forty videos met the inclusion criteria. The mean DISCERN score was 47.3 ± 9.15, JAMA was 1.72 ± 0.87, and GQS was 3.1 ± 0.81. The duration of the videos uploaded by the non-physician group was significantly longer (p = 0.04). In addition, the JAMA score of the videos uploaded by the physician group was significantly higher than that of the other group (p = 0.03). Theoretical videos were longer than surgical videos (p = 0.02). DISCERN, JAMA, and GQS scores were statistically higher in the theoretical video group (p = 0.002, p = 0.04, and p = 0.03, respectively). Conclusion According to our research, the quality of YouTube videos about congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction is average. This information source can be improved by making videos with more detailed information about the disease and theoretical information, as well as by having health professionals look over the content that has been uploaded.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality and reliability of YouTube videos about Thyroid Orbitopathy.
METHODS: A YouTube search was performed using the keyword \'Graves eye disease\', \'thyroid eye disease\', \'thyroid orbitopathy\', \'thyroid ophtalmopathy\' in the search bar of YouTube. The first 50 videos were analyzed for each keywords, and the first 100 videos that came out were included in the study. The numbers of views, likes, dislikes, comments, daily viewing rate (number of views per day), uploaded source, country of origin, video type (patient experience, scholarly information), and described treatment technique were evaluated for all videos. They were also evaluated regarding their DISCERN, Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), global quality score (GQS) and usefulness score by two independent ophthalmologists.
RESULTS: Of the top 100 videos, 94 videos met the criteria. The mean DISCERN, JAMA, GQS and usefulness score were 55.27 ± 16.57, 3.04 ± 0.64, 3.44 ± 0.93 and 3.23 ± 1.1. If we look at the upload source 53 (56.4%) videos were uploaded by physicians, 30 (31.9%) videos by institutions/private health institutions, 7 (7.4%) videos by health channels, 4 (4.3%) videos by patients. All scoring systems showed a statistically significant and strong positive correlation with each other (p < 0.001). A statistically significant positive correlation between viewing rate, likes and comments was observed. As the duration of the video increased, a significant increase in the scores in other scores was observed.
CONCLUSIONS: We observed that the tests we used in the scoring were correlated with each other. Most of the thyroid orbitopathy videos on YouTube were of good quality. Ophthalmologists should guide their patients who want to get information on YouTube to watch videos uploaded by health care professionals.

There is an increasing trend in the use of internet as a search tool for health-related informations. Insulin resistance is one of the most searched subjects online and some of the videos about insulin resistance have been watched by millions of YouTube users. This study aims to determine the quality and reliability of the most popular videos about insulin resistance on YouTube.
On March 1, 2022, the term \"insulin resistance\" was searched on YouTube. The videos\' popularity was assessed with Video Power Index (VPI). The quality and reliability were assessed with DISCERN score, modified DISCERN score and global quality score (GQS).
A total of 100 most popular videos were evaluated after applying the exclusion criteria. Fifty-four percent of the videos were very poor-poor, 35 % moderate, and 11 % good-excellent quality. Although few in number, the videos with relatively higher quality and more reliable had higher numbers of views, likes and comments (p < 0.01). There was a positive correlation between DISCERN score and VPI, duration, view, like, dislike, comment numbers of the videos (p < 0.01). Healthcare providers uploaded 58 % of the videos, while independent users uploaded 42 %. Video like ratio (VLR) at healthcare providers\' videos was significantly higher than independent users\' videos (p = 0.001).
Despite the high viewing rates of YouTube videos about insulin resistance, the overall quality and reliability were found to be very low. However, when high quality content regarding popular medical topics is produced, more people can be informed correctly.