■使用alirocumab和evolocumab通常是安全且耐受性良好的。然而,人们仍然担心他们的长期安全,特别是关于新发或恶化的糖尿病(DM)。我们的目标是评估alirocumab和evolocumab与比较物相比的安全性。
■检索了比较PCSK9i与PCSK9i安全性的研究比较(安慰剂或他汀类药物,有或没有依泽替米贝)。主要结果是导致死亡的不良事件。次要结果包括严重不良事件,新发糖尿病(DM),DM恶化,神经认知功能障碍,肌酸激酶(CK)升高,肝酶升高和局部注射部位反应。通过荟萃回归分析确定与治疗效果相关的因素。进行亚组分析以探讨基于PCSK9i类型和治疗持续时间的潜在治疗效果差异。
■我们确定了56项研究,涉及85,123名成年人(29.14%的女性)。PCSK9i与导致死亡的不良事件无关(OR0.94,95%CI0.84至1.04,p=0.22)。在两个PCSK9i之间,alirocumab降低了导致死亡的不良事件(OR0.79,95%CI,0.67~0.94,p=0.008).与对照组相比,PCSK9i与较少的严重事件相关(OR0.93,95%CI0.89至0.98,p<0.001)。这种减少主要由alirocumab驱动(OR0.89,95%CI,0.85至0.93,p<0.001)。Evolocumab使DM恶化(OR2.3,95%CI1.26至4.2,p=0.041)。亚组分析显示,DM在治疗的前24周恶化,在治疗的前12周几率最高(<12周:OR3.82,95%CI1.13至12.99,p=0.03;12-24周OR2.12,95%CI1.20至3.73,p=0.01。另一方面,治疗>24周降低了DM恶化的几率(OR0.89,95%CI0.79~0.99,p=0.04).PCSK9i没有增加认知功能障碍,(OR1.02,95%CI0.88至1.18,p=0.76),或导致肝酶升高(OR0.91,95%CI0.81至1.03,p=0.14),或CK(OR0.82,95%CI0.65至1.04,p=0.10)。然而,PCSK9i与局部注射部位反应相关(OR1.54,95%CI1.37~1.73,p<0.01)。
■Alirocumab减少了导致死亡的不良事件。Alirocumab和Evolocumab均减少了严重不良事件。PCSK9i并没有增加新的DM发病,但是evolocumab在治疗的前24周恶化了DM。PCSK9i没有增加神经功能障碍,并没有升高肝酶和CK,然而,它与局部注射部位反应有关。
UNASSIGNED: The use of alirocumab and evolocumab is generally safe and well-tolerated. However, concerns remain about their long-term safety, especially with regard to new-onset or worsening diabetes mellitus (DM). We aim to assess the safety profile of alirocumab and evolocumab compared to comparator.
UNASSIGNED: Studies were retrieved comparing the safety of PCSK9i vs. comparator (placebo or statin with or without ezetimibe). The primary outcome was adverse events leading to death. Secondary outcomes included serious adverse events, new onset diabetes mellitus (DM), worsening of DM, neurocognitive dysfunction, creatine kinase (CK) elevation, elevation of liver enzymes and local injection site reaction. Factors associated with the treatment effect were determined by meta-regression analysis. Subgroup analyses were done to explore potential treatment effect differences based on PCSK9i type and treatment duration.
UNASSIGNED: We identified 56 studies with 85,123 adults (29.14% females). PCSK9i was not associated with adverse events that lead to death (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.04, p = 0.22). Between the two PCSK9i, alirocumab decreased adverse events leading to death (OR 0.79, 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.94, p = 0.008). PCSK9i was associated with less serious events compared to the comparator (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.89 to 0.98, p < 0.001). This reduction was driven mainly by alirocumab (OR 0.89, 95% CI, 0.85 to 0.93, p < 0.001). Evolocumab worsened DM (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.26 to 4.2, p = 0.041). Subgroup analysis showed worsening of DM in the first 24 weeks of treatment with odds being highest in the first 12 weeks of treatment (<12 weeks: OR 3.82, 95% CI 1.13 to 12.99, p = 0.03; 12-24 weeks OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.20 to 3.73, p = 0.01. On the other hand, therapy >24 weeks reduced the odds of worsening DM (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.99, p = 0.04). PCSK9i did not increase cognitive dysfunction, (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.18, p = 0.76), or cause elevations in liver enzyme (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.03, p = 0.14), or CK (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.04, p = 0.10). However, PCSK9i was associated with local injection site reaction (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.37 to 1.73, p < 0.01).
UNASSIGNED: Alirocumab decreased adverse events leading to death. Alirocumab and Evolocumab both decreased serious adverse events. PCSK9i did not increase new onset DM however evolocumab worsened DM in the first 24 weeks of treatment. PCSK9i did not increase neurologic dysfunction, and did not elevate liver enzymes and CK, however it was associated with local injection site reaction.