背景:控制牛奶过敏(CMA)的主要饮食方法是消除饮食。我们旨在比较CMA儿童在消除饮食期间和之后与健康同龄人的生长模式,并确定影响因素。
方法:我们比较了74名CMA儿童与年龄匹配的健康同龄人。人体测量数据收集在第三个月的牛奶消除(CME)饮食(T1),停止饮食(T2)后3个月,正常饮食≥3个月后(T3)。对照组测量结果一致。通过3天的记录来评估营养摄入量,在T3时记录患者的实验室检查结果.
结果:CMA儿童的年龄体重(WFA)和年龄身高(HFA)z评分始终低于对照组。T2时患者的WtHtz评分低于健康组。在T0,T2和T3时,患者的HCz评分低于健康组。在T3时,CME组的HFAz评分与消除饮食的持续时间呈负相关(p=0.045)。能量摄入不足,维生素A,E,B1、B6、C、叶酸,镁,CMA患儿铁含量明显增高(p<0.05)。T3WFAz评分与纤维呈正相关,维生素B1,镁,和铁摄入量(p<0.05)。T3WtHt与能量呈中度正相关,蛋白质,维生素E,维生素B1,维生素B2,维生素B6,钙,镁,荧光粉,铁摄入量(p<0.05)。
结论:消除后饮食,患有CMA的儿童需要持续监测和潜在的微量营养素补充,以适应健康的同龄人的生长.
BACKGROUND: The primary dietary approach for managing cow\'s milk allergy (CMA) is the elimination diet. We aimed to compare the growth patterns of children with CMA during and after the elimination diet with healthy peers and identify influencing factors.
METHODS: We compared 74 CMA children with age-matched healthy peers. Anthropometric data were collected during the third month of cow\'s milk elimination (CME) diet (T1), 3 months after diet cessation (T2), and after ≥3 months of normal diet (T3). Control group measurements coincided. Nutrient intake was assessed by a 3-day record, and patient laboratory results were noted at T3.
RESULTS: CMA children had consistently lower weight-for-age (WFA) and height-for-age (HFA) z-scores than controls. WtHt z-score of patients was lower than those of the healthy group at T2. HC z-scores of patients were lower than those of the healthy group at T0, T2, and T3. At T3, the HFA z-score of the CME group demonstrated a negative correlation with the duration of the elimination diet (p = 0.045). Inadequate intake of energy, vitamins A, E, B1, B6, C, folic acid, magnesium, and iron was significantly higher in CMA children (p < 0.05). T3 WFA z-score correlated positively with fiber, vitamin B1, magnesium, and iron intake (p < 0.05). T3 WtHt showed a positive moderate correlation with energy, protein, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, calcium, magnesium, phosphor, iron intake (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Post-elimination diet, children with CMA need sustained monitoring and potentially micronutrient supplementation to match healthy peers\' growth.