The actual role of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in brain damage has been increasingly reported, necessitating a meta-analysis to collate and summarize the inconsistent findings from functional imaging and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies. A comprehensive voxel-wise meta-analysis of the whole brain was conducted to identify alterations in functional activity and gray matter volume (GMV) between COVID-19 patients and healthy controls (HCs) by using Seed-based d Mapping software. We included 15 functional imaging studies (484 patients with COVID-19, 534 HCs) and 9 VBM studies (449 patients with COVID-19, 388 HCs) in the analysis. Overall, patients with COVID-19 exhibited decreased functional activity in the right superior temporal gyrus (STG) (extending to the right middle and inferior temporal gyrus, insula, and temporal pole [TP]), left insula, right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) (extending to the right olfactory cortex), and left cerebellum compared to HCs. For VBM, patients with COVID-19, relative to HCs, showed decreased GMV in the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex/medial prefrontal cortex (extending to the bilateral OFC), and left cerebellum, and increased GMV in the bilateral amygdala (extending to the bilateral hippocampus, STG, TP, MTG, and right striatum). Moreover, overlapping analysis revealed that patients with COVID-19 exhibited both decreased functional activity and increased GMV in the right TP (extending to the right STG). The multimodal meta-analysis suggests that brain changes of function and structure in the temporal lobe, OFC and cerebellum, and functional or structural alterations in the insula and the limbic system in COVID-19. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of brain alterations in COVID-19. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This first large-scale multimodal meta-analysis collates existing neuroimaging studies and provides voxel-wise functional and structural whole-brain abnormalities in COVID-19. Findings of this meta-analysis provide valuable insights into the dynamic brain changes (from infection to recovery) and offer further explanations for the pathophysiological basis of brain alterations in COVID-19.

UNASSIGNED: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and a predictor of disease severity and mortality; furthermore, a prompt diagnosis and treatment of this complication may enhance COVID-19 prognosis. Therefore, we aim to investigate potential risk factors for SARS-CoV-2-associated AKI, including SARS-CoV-2 PCR cycle threshold value (CT value), which correlation with AKI is conflicting.
UNASSIGNED: This case-control study included 110 hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2-associated AKI as cases and 110 random SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized patients as controls. Reverse transcription real-time PCR of admission nasopharyngeal swabs evaluated E gene cycle thresholds. Additional clinical and paraclinical information extracted from medical records. The patient\'s status at discharge, and 14 and 30 days after discharge. Therefore, after adjusting for age and gender, the correlation between variables was assessed.
UNASSIGNED: SARS-CoV-2 AKI is significantly associated with age above 60, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, and underlying kidney diseases. Abnormal admission hemoglobin or alkaline phosphatase, proteinuria or hematuria in urine sediment, and abnormal creatinine during hospitalization were the paraclinical features correlated to SARS-CoV-2 AKI. AKI group demonstrated greater in-hospital, 14- and 30-day mortality. Nevertheless, this study did not evidence a correlation between the admission CT value and mortality or AKI.
UNASSIGNED: Admission CT values provide limited information regarding the dynamic viral load and varying hospitalization time points; thus, they may not be reliable for predicting the prognosis and complications of COVID-19 in all populations. Further studies with serial CT measurements or symptom onset time adjustment are recommended.

BACKGROUND: To assess pregnancy outcomes in women with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfection.
METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study that included pregnant women who contracted coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) once or twice during pregnancy and who gave birth between 1 October 2022 and 15 August 2023 in Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital (Shanghai, China). We collected their clinical data and compared the frequency of adverse pregnancy outcomes between the reinfection group and the primary infection group, such as preterm birth, fetal growth restriction (FGR), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), common pregnancy-related conditions, birth weight, and neonatal unit admission.
RESULTS: We observed a 7.7% reinfection rate among the 1,405 women who contracted COVID-19 during pregnancy. There were no significant differences in the frequency of preterm birth, FGR, HDP, other common pregnancy-related conditions, birth weight, or rate of neonatal unit admission between the reinfection and single infection groups. All our participants were unvaccinated, and all had mild symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed no significant association between SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Although endothelial damage has been hypothesized to be associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related cerebral infarction based on the specificity of the viral cellular invasion pathway, no case has been reported to date. We herein report a 51-year-old Japanese woman who presented with neck pain one week after COVID-19 infection. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed inflammation of the carotid and vertebral arteries. Ultrasonography revealed multiple flap-like structures that were assumed to be thrombi. Although the patient had no cerebral infarction, this could be an important case of vascular damage and thrombus formation in a COVID-19 patient.

Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a common Gram-negative bacillus causing gastrointestinal infections.It mainly exists on the surface of gastric epithelial cells and in mucus and is associated with gastric ulcers,gastric cancer,and gastric mucosa-associated lymphomas.Studies have shown that Hp can induce or exacerbate certain extragastric diseases and is associated with the occurrence of coronavirus disease 2019.It is hypothesized that Hp may be indirectly or directly involved in the occurrence and development of diseases by stimulating the production of inflammatory cytokines or inducing cross-immune reactions.In addition,Hp can enter Candida to release toxins continuously and play a role in escaping the recognition of the host immune system and the bactericidal effect of drugs.This article reviews the research progress in Hp-associated extragastric diseases in recent years,aiming to draw the attention of clinical workers to Hp-associated extragastric diseases and enrich the knowledge about Hp infection for formulating countermeasures to avoid the aggravation or triggering of other diseases by Hp.
幽门螺杆菌(Hp)是一种常见的胃肠道感染的革兰氏阴性杆菌,主要存在于胃上皮细胞表面和黏液中,与胃溃疡、胃癌和胃黏膜等相关淋巴瘤有关。研究表明Hp可诱发或加重某些胃外疾病,还与新型冠状病毒感染发生有关,因此Hp可能通过刺激机体产生炎症因子或发生交叉免疫反应,间接或直接地参与胃外疾病的发生和发展,同时Hp还可进入念珠菌内,持续释放毒素,且发挥躲避免疫系统识别和药物杀菌作用。本文总结近年国内外对Hp相关胃外疾病的研究报道,旨在引起临床工作者对Hp相关胃外疾病的重视,积极地掌握Hp的感染相关学科知识,从而科学制订避免Hp加重或诱发其他疾病的对策。.

Objective To investigate the expression levels of selenoprotein genes in the patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the possible regulatory mechanisms.Methods The dataset GSE177477 was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus,consisting of a symptomatic group (n=11),an asymptomatic group (n=18),and a healthy control group (n=18).The dataset was preprocessed to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEG) related to COVID-19,and gene ontology functional annotation and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis were performed for the DEGs.The protein-protein interaction network of DEGs was established,and multivariate Logistic regression was employed to analyze the effects of selenoprotein genes on the presence/absence of symptoms in the patients with COVID-19.Results Compared with the healthy control,the symptomatic COVID-19 patients presented up-regulated expression of GPX1,GPX4,GPX6,DIO2,TXNRD1,SELENOF,SELENOK,SELENOS,SELENOT,and SELENOW and down-regulated expression of TXNRD2 and SELENON (all P<0.05).The asymptomatic patients showcased up-regulated expression of GPX2,SELENOI,SELENOO,SELENOS,SELENOT,and SELENOW and down-regulated expression of SELP (all P<0.05).The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the abnormally high expression of GPX1 (OR=0.067,95%CI=0.005-0.904,P=0.042) and SELENON (OR=56.663,95%CI=3.114-856.999,P=0.006) was the risk factor for symptomatic COVID-19,and the abnormally high expression of SELP was a risk factor for asymptomatic COVID-19 (OR=15.000,95%CI=2.537-88.701,P=0.003).Conclusions Selenoprotein genes with differential expression are involved in the regulation of COVID-19 development.The findings provide a new reference for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
目的 探讨硒蛋白基因在新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)患者中的表达水平及其可能的调控机制。方法 从基因表达综合数据库获取数据集GSE177477,样本由有症状组(n=11)、无症状组(n=18)和健康对照组(n=18)构成。对数据集进行预处理,筛选出与COVID-19相关的差异表达基因,并进行基因本体功能注释和京都基因与基因组百科全书富集分析,建立差异表达硒蛋白基因的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络,采用多因素Logistic回归分析硒蛋白基因对COVID-19患者是否出现症状的影响。结果 与健康对照组比较,有症状的COVID-19患者中GPX1、GPX4、GPX6、DIO2、TXNRD1、SELENOF、SELENOK、SELENOS、SELENOT、SELENOW基因表达均升高,TXNRD2、SELENON基因表达均下降(P均<0.05);无症状的COVID-19患者中GPX2、SELENOI、SELENOO、SELENOS、SELENOT、SELENOW基因表达均升高,SELP基因表达下降(P均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,GPX1(OR=0.067,95%CI=0.005~0.904,P=0.042)、SELENON(OR=56.663,95%CI=3.114~856.999,P=0.006)基因的异常高表达是有症状COVID-19患者的影响因素,SELP基因的异常高表达是无症状COVID-19患者的危险因素(OR=15.000,95%CI=2.537~88.701,P=0.003)。结论 硒蛋白基因的差异表达参与调控COVID-19疾病的发生发展,为COVID-19的预防和治疗提供新的参考依据。.

OBJECTIVE: Reports regarding the association of remdesivir use for the treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) are inconsistent, and the associations between the use of other antivirals and AKI remain unclear. Therefore, this study investigated whether the use of antiviral drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 is a risk factor for the development of AKI.
METHODS: This study analyzed 176,197 reports submitted to the Japanese Adverse Event Reporting Database between 2020 and 2022. Reporting odds ratios (RORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for AKI that were associated with the use of antiviral drugs in patients with COVID-19 were calculated after adjusting for potential confounders.
RESULTS: Overall, 5,879 of the reports analyzed were associated with AKI. Signs of AKI were detected with the use of remdesivir [crude ROR (cROR)=2.45; 95%CI=1.91-3.14] and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (cROR=6.07; 95%CI=4.06-9.06). These results were maintained even after adjusting for potential confounders [remdesivir: adjusted ROR (aROR)=2.18; 95%CI=1.69-2.80, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir: aROR=5.24; 95%CI=3.48-7.90]. However, when analyzing data stratified by reporting year, the association between remdesivir and AKI appeared to diminish over time and was not sustained.
CONCLUSIONS: Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir use may be associated with developing AKI. This knowledge may be useful in helping patients with COVID-19 avoid AKI complications.

Background and Objectives: Medical and public recognition of \"long-COVID or post-COVID syndrome\", as well as its impact on the quality of life (QoL), is required to better address the disease burden. Objectives: We aimed to describe the persistence of COVID-19 symptoms and QoL among patients at three and twelve months after their discharge from the hospital. Materials and Methods: We conducted an observational, prospective, and longitudinal analytic study from September 2021 to April 2022. To measure QoL, we used a validated version of the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Results: We included 68 patients in the study. A total of 54 (79.4%) patients reported at least one persistent symptom at three months vs. 52 (76.4%) at twelve months (p = 0.804). Some persistent symptoms (myalgia, alopecia, and cough) decreased significantly at twelve months (50% vs. 30.9%, 29.4% vs. 13.2%, and 23.5% vs. 7.4%; respectively, p = 0.007); in contrast, other persistent symptoms (sleep-wake and memory disorders) were more frequent (5.9% vs. 32.4% and 4.4% vs. 20.6%; respectively, p = ≤0.001). Regarding QoL, a statistically significant improvement was observed in some scores over time, p = ≤0.037. At twelve months, dyspnea, myalgia, and depression were risk factors associated with a poor physical component summary (PCS), p = ≤0.027, whereas anxiety, depression, and fatigue were associated with a poor mental component summary (MCS), p = ≤0.015. Conclusion: As the proportion of persistent symptoms at twelve months is high, we suggest that patients must continue under long-term follow up to reclassify, diagnose, and treat new onset symptoms/diseases.

OBJECTIVE: This paper explores how frontline nurses experienced the onset of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic to provide appropriate care during a global health crisis.
METHODS: A qualitative descriptive phenomenological study. The sample consisted of 13 frontline nurses from Turkey, working in intensive care units, inpatient clinics and emergency unit. Data were collected online through face-to-face interviews based on a semi-structured interview guide. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.
RESULTS: Nurses experienced certain difficulties in the continuous use of protective personal equipment, communication both with patients and colleagues, administrative processes. Besides, they experienced exhaustion, reduced job satisfaction and certain physical complaints.
CONCLUSIONS: Hospital administrators and health policy makers should effectively manage human and hospital resources effectively and solve nurses\' problems in times of crisis, such as pandemics.
CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the challenges faced by frontline nurses during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic may help healthcare practitioners and policy makers to implement targeted interventions, support mechanisms and resource allocation strategies that enhance the well-being of frontline nurses and optimise patient care delivery during health crises.

BACKGROUND: The intersection between perinatal mental health and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic remains of significant public health importance. The current study examined the emotional and financial well-being and predictors of elevated depressive symptoms among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS: This online survey was conducted with 2118 women ≥18 years old who were pregnant at the time of the survey and living in the United States or Puerto Rico. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, with scores ≥10 indicative of elevated depressive symptoms. The final logistic regression model included housing insecurity, financial distress, COVID-19 diagnosis, exposure to COVID-19, and demographic covariates.
RESULTS: More than half the sample (53.8%) had elevated depressive symptoms. In logistic regression analyses, the odds of having elevated depressive symptoms were significantly higher for participants reporting housing insecurity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.56; 95% CI, 1.22-2.01), financial distress (aOR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.17-2.12), COVID-19 diagnosis (aOR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.53-4.17), and COVID-19 exposure (aOR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.07-1.86), after adjusting for covariates. The association of elevated depressive symptoms with housing insecurity was especially strong among those who experienced COVID-19 (aOR, 6.04; 95% CI, 2.15-17.0).
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are consistent with previous literature revealing that diagnosis, exposure, concerns about family, and effects on financial stability were related to depressive symptoms during the pandemic. The relationships between financial and housing concerns with elevated depressive symptoms, independent of concerns about infection in family members, suggest that there may be direct and indirect effects of the pandemic on mental health.