In the pursuit of enhancing food packaging, nanotechnology, particularly green silver nanoparticles (G-AgNPs), have gained prominence for its remarkable antimicrobial properties with high potential for food shelf-life extension. Our study aims to develop corn starch-based coating materials reinforced with G-AgNPs. The mechanical properties were examined using a uniaxial tensile tester, revealing that starch coated with the highest G-AgNPs concentration (12.75 ppm) exhibited UTS of 87.6 MPa compared to 48.48 MPa of control paper, a significant (p < 0.02) 65% increase. The assessment of the WVP showcased a statistical reduction in permeability by up to 8% with the incorporation of the hydrophobic layer. Furthermore, antibacterial properties were assessed following ISO 22196:2011, demonstrating a strong and concentration-dependent activity of G-AgNPs against E. coli. All samples successfully disintegrated in both simulated environments (soil and seawater), including samples presenting G-AgNPs. In the food trial analysis, the presence of starch and G-AgNPs significantly reduced weight loss after 6 days, with cherry tomatoes decreasing by 8.59% and green grapes by 6.77% only. The results of this study contribute to the advancement of environmentally friendly packaging materials, aligning with the UN sustainable development goals of reducing food waste and promoting sustainability.

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Food waste is a pressing global challenge leading to over $1 trillion lost annually and contributing up to 10% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Extensive study has been directed toward the use of active biodegradable packaging materials to improve food quality, minimize plastic use, and encourage sustainable packaging technology development. However, this has been achieved with limited success, which can mainly be attributed to poor material properties and high production costs. In the recent literature, the integration of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has shown to improve the properties of biopolymer, prompting the development of bionanocomposites. Furthermore, the antibacterial properties of AgNPs against foodborne pathogens leads towards food shelf-life improvement and provides a route towards reducing food waste. However, few reviews have analyzed AgNPs holistically throughout a portfolio of biopolymers from an industrial perspective. Hence, this review critically analyses the antibacterial, barrier, mechanical, thermal, and water resistance properties of AgNP-based bionanocomposites. These advanced materials are also discussed in terms of food packaging applications and assessed in terms of their performance in enhancing food shelf-life. Finally, the current barriers towards the commercialization of AgNP bionanocomposites are critically discussed to provide an industrial action plan towards the development of sustainable packaging materials to reduce food waste.

This work aims to represent a standard application for understanding the extent of the antibacterial efficacy of coatings with different amounts of colloidal silver on wooden surfaces over time. The key variable that was intended to be evaluated in this study was the \"time efficiency,\" with concerns about the possible efficacy in the durability of the surfaces. By highlighting the \"expiry date\" of the agents, as in the case with other products, the study aimed to confirm the validity of the simulation tests conducted in the laboratory with degradation tests. Furthermore, the role of the silver amount on the barrier performance of the coatings was assessed by liquid resistance, water uptake, and perspiration tests, evaluating the aesthetic durability of the coatings by means of colorimetric analyses. Ultimately, this work demonstrates that these coatings may represent alternatives in terms of prolonged antimicrobial activity when compared with the biocide agents currently in use, capable to offer good resistance to detergent solutions and to water. Nevertheless, due to silver\'s susceptibility to extended exposure to acidic solutions, the findings of the research discourage the utilization of colloidal silver in wood paints intended for use in public settings. KEY POINTS: • Colloidal silver does not alter the deposition process and does not introduce defects in the wood paint. • Coatings containing silver show high antimicrobial activity over time, against both E.coli and S.aureus. • The silver-based filler resists contact with detergents and aqueous solutions but suffers oxidation processes in acidic environments.

Silver-containing products have been used for medicinal purposes since antiquity. Throughout the ages and indeed up until the present time, silver has been employed with the hopes of treating a myriad of diseases including the common cold, skin problems, infections, and even cancer. However, silver has no known biological role in human physiology, and taking silver may lead to adverse reactions. The better-known adverse reactions of silver include argyria, or a gray-blue cutaneous discoloration, which is a known effect of silver accumulation. Additionally renal or hepatic injury may also be experienced. Reports of neurological adverse reactions are rare, however, and the extant medical literature contains very few descriptions of such cases. We report herein a case of a 70 year old man who presented with seizures as the sole manifestation of silver toxicity after self-medicating with colloidal silver.

Wastewater is a source of many environmental pollutants and potentially high concentrations of essential plant nutrients. Site-specific nutrient levels may influence the response of exposed plants to a chemical stressor. In the present study, we focused on the responses of model aquatic macrophyte swollen duckweed (Lemna gibba L.) to a short pulse exposure and a commercially available colloidal silver product as a potential environmental chemical stressor, combined with two levels of total nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition. Treatment with the commercially available colloidal silver product caused oxidative stress in L. gibba plants under both high and low nutrient levels. Plants grown and treated under high nutrient levels showed lower levels of lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide accumulation, as well as higher levels of photosynthetic pigment content in comparison to treated plants under low nutrient levels. Higher free radical scavenging activity for plants treated with silver in combination with high nutrient levels resulted in better overall protection from silver-induced oxidative stress. The results showed that external nutrient levels significantly affected the L. gibba plant\'s response to the colloidal silver presence in the environment and that nutrient levels should be considered in the assessment of potential environmental impact for contaminants.

Skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) caused by atypical mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium avium intracellulare complex (MAIC) have increased in recent years. Current therapeutic options are limited, and hence new and better therapies are urgently required. Colloidal Silver (CS) has been identified for its widespread antibacterial properties and silver-impregnated dressings have been used for SSTIs caused by various pathogens. The efficacy of Green Synthesized Colloidal Silver (GSCS) was investigated for bacterial growth inhibition (BGI) using a microdilution method and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) using resazurin assay and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) of M. abscessus (n = 5) and MAIC (n = 5). The antibacterial effect of GSCS against M. abscessus infected macrophages was also evaluated. The in vitro cytotoxicity of GSCS on a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) and neonatal foreskin fibroblasts was analyzed by the crystal violet proliferation assay. Average BGI and MBEC of GSCS varied between 0.7 and 22 ppm for M. abscessus and MAIC. The concentration of 3 ppm reduced M. abscessus-infection in macrophages significantly. GSCS was not cytotoxic to HaCaT and neonatal foreskin fibroblast cells at concentrations < 3 ppm up to 2 h exposure time. GSCS therefore, has the potential for topical application against atypical mycobacterial SSTI.

UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of gelatamp on soft tissue healing, bleeding, and pain following mandibular posterior teeth extraction.
UNASSIGNED: This study was designed as a split-mouth, prospective randomized double-blind controlled trial conducted in a single tertiary care center. Thirty-five subjects indicated for routine mandibular posterior teeth extraction were divided into two groups using the lottery technique: the experimental group (n = 30), which received gelatamp after extraction, and the control group (n = 30), which received no intervention. The primary outcomes included soft tissue healing(Landry, Turnbull, Howley index) and Pain(VAS score). The secondary outcomes assessed were bleeding(Maani et al. index) and swelling(Sauza and Consone assessment).
UNASSIGNED: The results showed a statistically significant difference in soft tissue healing on the third and seventh days in the experimental group (p ≤ 0.05) than in the control group. A significant difference in bleeding scores at 5 min, 30 min, and 2 h postoperatively in the study group (p ≤ 0.05) was noted. There was no significant difference between the groups for pain on the first, third or seventh day postoperatively (p ≤ 0.05). The swelling assessment also showed no significant changes (p = 0.831) for the study and the control group.
UNASSIGNED: Based on the findings of this study, gelatamp can be effectively used to reduce postoperative sequelae such as bleeding with better soft tissue healing following extractions and surgical removal of tooth.

This case report documents the rare finding of argyria limited to the nails secondary to colloidal silver ingestion. We highlight the significance of early detection of argyria secondary to colloidal silver ingestion and offer photos of the subtle changes in the nails that indicate the development of argyria. With the popularity of over-the-counter supplementation, it is important for medical providers to be aware of early signs of argyria, prior to progressive, permanent pigmentary changes.

Silver has been in clinical use since ancient times and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted attention in cancer therapy. We investigated the mechanisms by which AgNPs inhibit pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). AgNPs were synthesized and 3 human PDAC and 2 nonmalignant primary cell lines were treated with AgNPs. MTT, MAPK, colony, spheroid and scratch assays, Western blotting, TEM, annexin V, 7-AAD, and H2DCFDA staining, FACS analysis, mRNA array and bioinformatics analyses, tumor xenograft transplantation, and immunohistochemistry of the treated cells were performed. We found that minimal AgNPs amounts selectively eradicated PDAC cells within a few hours. AgNPs inhibited cell migration and spheroid and colony formation, damaged mitochondria, and induced paraptosis-like cell death with the presence of cytoplasmic vacuoles, dilation of the ER and mitochondria, ROS formation, MAPK activity, and p62 and LC3b expression, whereas effects on the nucleus, DNA fragmentation, or caspases were not detectable. AgNPs strongly decreased tumor xenograft growth without side effects and reduced the expression of markers for proliferation and DNA repair, but upregulated paraptosis markers. The results highlight nanosilver as complementary agent to improve the therapeutic efficacy in pancreatic cancer.