背景:高效及时地测定聚甲氧基黄酮(PMFs,主要是陈皮(CRP)中的nobiletin和橘皮苷)和黄烷酮苷(主要是橙皮苷)对于CRP的产生和疗效评估至关重要。包括基于色谱的方法的常规分析方法通常提供高灵敏度和选择性。但是需要笨重的设备和由专业技术人员执行的复杂程序,因此在实际应用中不方便。因此,显然需要便携式和微型化的传感平台,其可以快速和同时检测CRP产品中的PMF和橙皮苷。
结果:首先通过直接激光划片聚(醚-醚-酮)(PEEK)薄膜来制造最先进的三维多孔石墨烯电极,用于电催化金黄素,橘皮素和橙皮苷.进行动力学分析以研究这三种类黄酮在这样制备的PEEK-激光诱导石墨烯(PEEK-LIG)电极上的反应机理。由于制备的PEEK-LIG电极对这三种类黄酮表现出很高的电催化效率,与智能手机组装的便携式电化学传感平台,微型电化学工作站,并开发了集成的PEEK-LIG微芯片。因此,开发的便携式电化学传感平台对PMF和橙皮苷均具有很高的灵敏度和较低的检测限。更重要的是,在真实的CRP提取物样品上进行的测试表明,开发的便携式电化学传感平台具有很高的有效性,高可靠性,以及出色的重现性。
结论:这是关于便携式同时测定柑橘果皮中PMFs和橙皮苷的首次报告,可用于区分CRP产品。此外,开发的便携式和强大的电化学传感平台也可能适用于广泛的分析物,由于其简单和快速的制造和确定过程。
BACKGROUND: The efficient and timely determination of polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs, primarily nobiletin and tangeretin) and flavanone glycosides (primarily hesperidin) in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) is of paramount importance for the production of CRP and the evaluation of its efficacy. Conventional analytical methods including chromatography-based approaches commonly provide high sensitivity and selectivity, but require bulky equipment and complicated procedures performed by professional technicians and are thus inconvenient in practical applications. Therefore, there is a clear need for portable and miniaturized sensing platforms that can rapidly and simultaneously detect PMFs and hesperidin in CRP product.
RESULTS: A state-of-the-art three-dimensional porous graphene electrode was first fabricated by direct laser scribing of a poly(ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK) film for electrocatalysis of nobiletin, tangeretin and hesperidin. Kinetic analysis was conducted to investigate the reaction mechanisms of these three flavonoids at such prepared PEEK-laser induced graphene (PEEK-LIG) electrodes. Since the as-prepared PEEK-LIG electrodes exhibited high electrocatalytic efficiency towards these three flavonoids, a portable electrochemical sensing platform assembled with a smartphone, a miniatured electrochemical workstation, and an integrated PEEK-LIG microchip was developed. Consequently, the developed portable electrochemical sensing platforms exhibited great sensitivity and low detection limits for both PMFs and hesperidin. More importantly, tests conducted on real CRP extract samples demonstrated that the developed portable electrochemical sensing platform exhibited high validity, high reliability, as well as excellent reproducibility.
CONCLUSIONS: This is the inaugural report on the portable and simultaneous determination of PMFs and hesperidin in the pericarp of
Citrus Reticulata, which may be utilized for differentiating CRP products. Furthermore, the portable and powerful electrochemical sensing platforms developed could also potentially be applied for a wide range of analytes, thanks to their simple and rapid fabrication and determination processes.