近年来,越来越多的病毒引发了对人类和动物生命构成严重威胁的爆发,造成了巨大的经济损失。了解这些病毒的基因组结构和流行病学对于指导有效的临床预防和治疗策略至关重要。纳米孔测序,第三代测序技术,自2014年以来已广泛用于基因组研究。与传统方法和下一代测序(NGS)相比,该技术具有许多优势。例如生成超长读取的能力,效率高,实时监测和分析,便携性,以及直接测序RNA或DNA分子的能力。因此,它在病毒研究中表现出极好的适用性和灵活性,包括病毒检测和监测,基因组组装,新变种和新病毒的发现,以及化学修饰的鉴定。在本文中,我们对发展情况进行了全面审查,原则,优势,以及纳米孔测序技术在动物和人类病毒研究中的应用,旨在为该领域的未来研究提供新的视角。
In recent years, an increasing number of viruses have triggered outbreaks that pose a severe threat to both human and animal life, as well as caused substantial economic losses. It is crucial to understand the genomic structure and epidemiology of these viruses to guide effective clinical prevention and treatment strategies. Nanopore sequencing, a third-generation sequencing technology, has been widely used in genomic research since 2014. This technology offers several advantages over traditional methods and next-generation sequencing (NGS), such as the ability to generate ultra-long reads, high efficiency, real-time monitoring and analysis, portability, and the ability to directly sequence RNA or DNA molecules. As a result, it exhibits excellent applicability and flexibility in virus research, including viral detection and surveillance, genome assembly, the discovery of new variants and novel viruses, and the identification of chemical modifications. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the development, principles, advantages, and applications of nanopore sequencing technology in animal and human virus research, aiming to offer fresh perspectives for future studies in this field.