水苏碱,也被称为脯氨酸甜菜碱,是传统中药益母草的重要组成部分,以其显著的药理作用而闻名。广泛分布在益母草和柑橘等植物中,以及各种细菌,水苏碱在整个动物中具有关键的生理功能,植物,和细菌王国。本文旨在总结水苏碱在解决心脑血管疾病中的多种作用和机制。神经保护,抗癌活性,子宫调节,抗炎反应,肥胖管理,和呼吸道疾病。值得注意的是,水苏碱通过多种途径表现出心脏保护作用,包括抗炎,抗氧化剂,抗凋亡,和钙处理功能的调制。此外,其抗癌特性抑制多种癌细胞类型的增殖和迁移。对子宫功能具有双向调节作用,水苏碱有望治疗妇产科相关疾病。在植物中,水苏碱作为次生代谢产物,有助于渗透压调节,固氮,害虫抗性,和应激反应。同样,在细菌中,它起着至关重要的渗透保护作用,有利于适应高渗透压环境。这篇综述还介绍了正在进行的关于水苏碱合成代谢的研究。虽然生物合成途径仍未完全了解,代谢途径已经建立。对水苏碱生物合成的更深入的了解对于阐明其作用机制具有重要意义。推进植物次生代谢研究,加强药品质量控制,促进新药开发。
Stachydrine, also known as proline betaine, is a prominent constituent of traditional Chinese herb Leonurus japonicus, renowned for its significant pharmacological effects. Widely distributed in plants like Leonurus and Citrus aurantium, as well as various bacteria, stachydrine serves pivotal physiological functions across animal, plant, and bacterial kingdoms. This review aims to summarizes diverse roles and mechanisms of stachydrine in addressing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, neuroprotection, anticancer activity, uterine regulation, anti-inflammatory response, obesity management, and respiratory ailments. Notably, stachydrine exhibits
cardioprotective effects via multiple pathways encompassing anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and modulation of calcium handling functions. Furthermore, its anti-cancer properties inhibit proliferation and migration of numerous cancer cell types. With a bi-directional regulatory effect on uterine function, stachydrine holds promise for obstetrics and gynecology-related disorders. In plants, stachydrine serves as a secondary metabolite, contributing to osmotic pressure regulation, nitrogen fixation, pest resistance, and stress response. Similarly, in bacteria, it plays a crucial osmoprotective role, facilitating adaptation to high osmotic pressure environments. This review also addresses ongoing research on the anabolic metabolism of stachydrine. While the biosynthetic pathway remains incompletely understood, the metabolic pathway is well-established. A deeper understanding of stachydrine biosynthesis holds significance for elucidating its mechanism of action, advancing the study of plant secondary metabolism, enhancing drug quality control, and fostering new drug development endeavors.