背景:脑静脉血栓形成,罕见的中风,其特征是由静脉窦血栓形成引起的出血和/或梗塞引起的神经功能障碍,所谓的静脉中风。目前的指南推荐抗凝药作为静脉卒中治疗的一线治疗。脑静脉血栓形成的原因复杂,治疗困难,尤其是与自身免疫性疾病结合时,血液病,甚至COVID-19。
目的:本文总结了病理生理机制,流行病学,诊断,治疗,脑静脉血栓合并自身免疫性疾病的临床预后,血液病,或COVID-19等传染病。
结论:对发生非常规脑静脉血栓形成时不应忽视的特定危险因素的系统理解,以及对病理生理机制的科学理解,临床诊断,和治疗,从而有助于了解特殊类型的静脉中风。
Cerebral venous thrombosis, a rare stroke, is characterized by neurological dysfunction caused by bleeding and/or infarction resulting from venous sinus thrombosis, the so-called venous stroke. Current guidelines recommend anticoagulants as first-line therapy in the treatment of venous stroke. With complicated causes of cerebral venous thrombosis, treatment is difficult, especially when combined with autoimmune diseases, blood diseases, and even COVID-19.
This review summarizes the pathophysiological mechanisms, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and clinical prognosis of cerebral venous thrombosis combined with autoimmune diseases, blood diseases, or infectious diseases such as COVID-19.
A systematic understanding of particular risk factors that should not be neglected when unconventional cerebral venous thrombosis occurs and for a scientific understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical diagnosis, and treatment, thus contributing to knowledge on special types of venous stroke.