Lebanon is a country in the Middle East that had been witnessing nutrition transition to a westernized diet high in trans fats (TFs) and saturated fatty acids (TFAs) that had been linked to cardiovascular diseases and many other health issues. This study examines TF-related awareness, knowledge, and self-reported behaviors among a sample of Lebanese adults aged between 18 and 64 years, as well as their association with sociodemographic factors and anthropometric measurements. Using a multicomponent questionnaire, a cross-sectional study was conducted online, across all Lebanese regions based on a convenience sampling method (n = 401). Factors associated with TF-related awareness, knowledge, and behaviors were examined by multivariate linear regression analysis. The study highlighted specific gaps in TF-related awareness, knowledge, and behavioral practices as well as differences by sociodemographic factors. Most of the participants (36%) had heard of partly hydrogenated oils (PHOs) rather than TFs (49%). A higher proportion of respondents (54%) said they understood a little about TFs, the majority had inadequate knowledge about the foods that contain TFs, and 44% said they would not give up eating their favorite snack even if they knew it contains TFs. Overall, consumers\' awareness and knowledge about TFs are rather low and the majority had fair behavioral practices. In addition, being a woman and having higher education level were significantly associated with higher levels of TFs awareness, knowledge, and behavior scores. Higher behavior scores were shown in older participants, married, and those who had part-time jobs, whereas having higher income and normal weight were significantly associated with higher awareness scores. These findings offer valuable insight into TF-related awareness, knowledge, and behaviors in a sample of Lebanese adults and provide key information that could spur the development of evidence-based TFs reduction interventions specific to the Middle East.

COVID-19 challenged countries in addressing population and raising awareness about mask-wearing during pandemic; Lebanon is a refugee hotspot, with humanitarian responsibility for their protection. The goal of this study is to emphasize the need of raising awareness among vulnerable populations and studying their mask-wearing behavior and intentions. This research draws on findings from a survey characterized by refugees\' representatives from NGO, focusing on the behaviors and implications of refugees\' mask-wearing. To address the study question, a customized survey based on Theory of Interpersonal Behavior was undertaken, in which the behavior of refugees was impacted by their desire to engage in an activity. The findings show that refugees are influenced by other people\'s mask-wearing behavior; they view masks as providing protection and aim to use them in the future provided all enabling conditions are met. Artificial intelligence might be a better monitor for this behavior in the future.

Memory loss and dementia are among older adults\' greatest health fears. This article provides insight into new developments to help delay the onset of dementia, to treat dementia in its earliest stages, and to manage behavioral problems that occur in persons with dementia. Urinary incontinence (UI) is another common problem in older adults that has a major impact on quality of life. This article evaluates newer medications for reducing urinary urge/UI and provides perspective in their role for managing UI.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the professional behaviors of radiologic technologists differ based on demographic variables.
METHODS: An invitation was sent to 10 000 radiologic technologists to participate in the study. Participants completed the Haynes Scale of Professionalism for Radiologic Technology and answered demographic questions. Kruskal-Wallis tests and analyses of variance were conducted to identify the relationship between demographic variables and professional behaviors. Post hoc analyses were performed to identify differences between groups.
RESULTS: A significant difference was identified for the demographic variable of age and the professionalism subscale of quality patient care (P < .001). The demographic variable of years as a technologist had significant differences with the subscales of quality patient care (P = .007), ethical performance (P = .008), personal and professional development (P = .02), and the total professionalism score (P = .01). A significant difference was found for the highest degree and the subscale of quality patient care (P = .007).
CONCLUSIONS: The demographic variables of age, years as a technologist, and highest degree affected the technologist\'s professional behavior scores. Technologists who were older or had more years of experience had higher professional behavior scores.
CONCLUSIONS: Certain demographic variables can affect the professional behavior of technologists. These results help to highlight the factors that influence the development of professional behaviors.

This systematic review assesses the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (KAB) surrounding dietary fat intake among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and healthcare professionals. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, four databases were searched to identify studies published between 1995 and 2023 reporting people with T2DM or healthcare professionals that measured KAB towards dietary fat. This work was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020140247). Twenty-four studies were included. Studies assessed knowledge of people with T2DM and reported poor nutrition knowledge regarding the health effect of fat consumption. Two opposing attitudes towards dietary fat was reported: (1) dietary fat should be limited, (2) promoted dietary fat intake through a low-carbohydrate diet. Participants reported behaviors of limiting fat intake, including trimming visible fat or choosing lower-fat alternatives. Total fat intake ranged between 10 and 66% of participants\' total energy intake, while saturated fat intake ranged between 10 and 17%. People with T2DM reported poor knowledge of dietary fats in particular, and they were frequently unable to identify high-fat food. Attitudes towards dietary fat were heterogenous, and regarding behaviors, saturated fat intake was higher than recommended. Future studies should assess the KAB of people with T2DM based on dietary fat subtypes.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the levels of self-care behaviors and self-care self-efficacy in patients with Marfan syndrome and to identify the individual-level determinants of self-care behaviors.
BACKGROUND: The behaviors aimed at maintaining health stability (self-care maintenance), monitoring signs and symptoms (self-care monitoring), and taking action when signs and symptoms occur (self-care management) are key aspects of the care for addressing the complexity of care of patients with Marfan syndrome. However, the description of self-care behaviors and their determinants in patients with Marfan syndrome are highly under-described.
METHODS: The adopted design was descriptive observational with a cross-sectional data collection on 111 patients with MFS in a single Italian specialized and reference center for this disease between 2020 and 2021.
RESULTS: Performing healthy activities and managing illness, therapies, and follow-ups to maintain health over time (self-care maintenance) was almost adequate (mean score = 67.87 ± 13.17), as well as the ability to recognize signs and symptoms promptly (self-care monitoring, mean score = 67.95 ± 26.70). The ability to respond to symptoms when they occur (self-care management, mean score = 54.17 ± 19.94) was sub-optimal. The stronger positive predictor of each self-care behavior was self-care self-efficacy.
CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested prioritizing educational activities focused on enhancing self-care management in patients with Marfan syndrome and strengthening their self-care self-efficacy. Researchers should develop and validate evidence-based educational approaches to enhance self-care in patients with Marfan syndrome, and clinical nurses should strengthen their focused educational activities to improve the self-care management of these patients.

This paper introduces the Fish 3D Locomotion app (F3LA), a Python-based, Graphical User Interface (GUI)-equipped tool designed to automate behavioral endpoint extraction in zebrafish locomotion assays. Building on our previous work, which utilized a specialized aquatic tank with a mirror and a single camera for fish movement tracking in three dimensions, F3LA significantly enhances data processing efficiency. Its accuracy was tested by reanalyzing and comprehensively comparing the calculated data with the previously published data from prior publications. From the comparison results, 90% of endpoints showed a similar statistical difference result. These minor differences were due to the different starting points for the dataset and updated calculation formulas that are implemented in F3LA. In addition, shoaling area or shoaling volume calculations are also included in F3LA as a new feature that can serve as sensitive indicators of social cohesion, group dynamics, or stress responses, offering insights into neuropsychological conditions or the effects of pharmacological interventions. Furthermore, F3LA offers a marked improvement over manual operations, being at least five times faster, while maintaining consistent accuracy as it reduces human-induced errors, ensuring a higher degree of reliability in the results. Finally, the potency of F3LA was tested to evaluate the toxicities of 14 rare earth elements (REEs) to the adult zebrafish behaviors. Based on the results, our findings suggested that each tested REE altered fish behaviors in different patterns and magnitudes to each other. However, among the tested light rare earth elements (LREEs), neodymium was demonstrated to cause more relatively severe behavior alterations than other LREEs, indicated by the statistically higher value of entropy (0.2695 ± 0.04977 (mean with a standard deviation)) than the control group (0.2352 ± 0.05896). Meanwhile, in terms of heavy rare earth elements (HREEs), erbium seemed to lead to more distinct behavior toxicities than other HREEs, which was shown by the statistically lower level of fractal dimension (2.022 ± 0.3412) than the untreated group (2.255 ± 0.1661). Taken together, F3LA\'s development marks a significant advance in high-throughput toxicological and pharmacological assessments in zebrafish, leveraging three-dimensional locomotion data for a more comprehensive analysis of fish behavior performance, providing a significant contribution to research in various fields.

UNASSIGNED: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have well-known adverse effects, and numerous studies have shown inappropriate behaviors regarding their use. The primary aim of this study was to analyze the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding the use of NSAIDs simultaneously in one of the largest and most populated areas of Italy, Naples.
UNASSIGNED: From 2021 December 14th to 2022 January 4th, a cross-sectional survey study was conducted among community centers, working places, and universities using a snowball sampling method. For inclusion in the study, the participants were required to be at least 18 years old and residents in the metropolitan area of Naples. Three multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA) models were developed by including variables that could potentially be associated with the following outcomes of interest: knowledge (Model I), attitudes (Model II), and behavior (Model III) regarding the use of NSAIDs.
UNASSIGNED: Data were acquired from 1,012 questionnaires administered to subjects evenly divided by gender with an average age of 36.8 years and revealed that only 7.9% of the participants self-admittedly did not take NSAIDs, while approximately half the participants (50%) admitted to occasionally using them. The results showed a statistically significant correlation between attitudes regarding the appropriate use of NSAIDs and less knowledge. The regression analyses indicated that behaviors regarding the appropriate use of NSAIDs were statistically significant in younger respondents, non-smokers, and those without children. These interesting results showed that behaviors regarding the appropriate use of NSAIDs were significantly higher among respondents with less knowledge and more positive attitudes.
UNASSIGNED: According to the collected data and statistical analysis results, it is possible to identify factors that can greatly affect inappropriate behaviors regarding the use of NSAIDs and establish targeted prevention programs.

Increasingly, smartphones have become a part of people\'s everyday lives, and are now considered by many to be an indispensable social accessory. Since attachment to a smartphone could have negative psychological consequences, a burgeoning new area of research has emerged which examines the effects of smartphones on individuals\' well-being. Hence, this study focuses on phubbing - one\'s engagement with the smartphone during a face-to-face conversation with another person or group of people - and its association with psychological well-being. For this investigation, a quantitative descriptive approach has been adopted involving a sample of 370 women and men from Spain between 25 and 60 years old. The survey was distributed during late 2019 and the first quarter of 2020. The Phubbing Behaviors Survey was conducted, comprising five dimensions (cultural, technological, social, communicational, and psychological), and a total of 33 items requiring responses on a 5-point Likert scale. This survey was used in conjunction with the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), consisting of four categories (somatic symptoms, social dysfunction, anxiety and insomnia, and severe depression), and 7 items per category. The findings reveal a positive correlation between phubbing and severe depression and, young women under 25 years old show higher levels of somatic symptoms than men in the same age group. This study demonstrates the need to raise awareness via health education and to promote healthy use of the Internet to prevent psychological distress resulting from phubbing.

The human body is commonly exposed to bisphenol A (BPA), which is widely used in consumer and industrial products. BPA is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that has adverse effects on human health. In particular, many studies have shown that BPA can cause various neurological disorders by affecting brain development and neural function during prenatal, infancy, childhood, and adulthood exposure. In this review, we discussed the correlation between BPA and neurological disorders based on molecular cell biology, neurophysiology, and behavioral studies of the effects of BPA on brain development and function. Recent studies, both animal and epidemiological, strongly indicate that BPA significantly impacts brain development and function. It hinders neural processes, such as proliferation, migration, and differentiation during development, affecting synaptic formation and activity. As a result, BPA is implicated in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders like autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and schizophrenia.