养蜂业提供具有营养保健和药物特性的产品。这些产品的特征在于生物活性化合物的丰度。由于不同的原因,蜂蜜,蜂王浆,蜂胶,毒液,花粉对人类和动物都有好处,可以用作治疗。这些产品的药理作用与它们的许多成分有关。蜂蜜的主要生物活性成分包括低聚糖,甲基乙二醛,蜂王浆蛋白(MRJP),和酚类化合物。蜂王浆含有果冻,royalisin肽,MRJPs,和羟基癸烯酸的衍生物,特别是10-羟基-2-癸烯酸(10-HDA),具有抗菌性,抗炎,免疫调节,神经调节,预防代谢综合征,和抗老化性能。蜂胶具有过多的活性,这些活性与咖啡酸苯乙酯等化合物有关。在蜂毒中发现的肽包括磷脂酶A2,阿帕明,还有Melittin.除了富含维生素外,蜂花粉中还含有不饱和脂肪酸,固醇,和表达抗动脉粥样硬化的酚类化合物,抗糖尿病药,和抗炎特性。因此,蜂巢产品的成分是特殊和不同的。所有这些成分的性质已经在许多研究中进行了研究。这篇综述旨在全面筛选蜜蜂产品中发现的生物活性化学物质及其有益的生物学效应。手稿可能会推动以apitherapy为名的非常规医学分支。
Beekeeping provides products with nutraceutical and pharmaceutical characteristics. These products are characterized by abundance of bioactive compounds. For different reasons, honey, royal jelly, propolis, venom, and pollen are beneficial to humans and animals and could be used as therapeutics. The pharmacological action of these products is related to many of their constituents. The main bioactive components of honey include oligosaccharides, methylglyoxal, royal jelly proteins (MRJPs), and phenolics compounds. Royal jelly contains jelleins, royalisin peptides, MRJPs, and derivatives of hydroxy-decenoic acid, particularly 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA), which possess antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, neuromodulatory, metabolic syndrome-preventing, and anti-aging properties. Propolis has a plethora of activities that are referable to compounds such as caffeic acid phenethyl ester. Peptides found in bee venom include phospholipase A2, apamin, and melittin. In addition to being vitamin-rich, bee pollen also includes unsaturated fatty acids, sterols, and phenolics compounds that express antiatherosclerotic, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, the constituents of hive products are particular and different. All of these constituents have been investigated for their properties in numerous research studies. This review aims to provide a thorough screening of the bioactive chemicals found in honeybee products and their beneficial biological effects. The manuscript may provide impetus to the branch of unconventional medicine that goes by the name of apitherapy.