目的:为选定的眼部诊断试验和共生结膜微生物区系建立规范数据,并描述智利火烈鸟眼部病理的发生率。
方法:在得梅因的BlankPark动物园共检查了41只智利火烈鸟,爱荷华州。
方法:在20只火烈鸟中,眨眼率在他们的展览中不受干扰地评估,然后使用温和的手动约束来评估睑裂长度(PFL),水性泪液产生(单眼苯酚红线试验[PRTT],牙髓吸收纸点撕裂试验[EAPPTT]在另一个),眼内压(IOP;回弹眼压),和荧光素染色。另外21只火烈鸟被带到黑暗的区域进行神经眼科检查,裂隙灯生物显微镜,和间接检眼镜。来自七个火烈鸟的拭子用于眼部微生物组评估。
结果:结果表示为平均值±标准偏差(范围)。火烈鸟包括23名女性/18名男性,年龄11±9.1(0.7-40)岁。测试结果:眨眼率,3.7±2(1-9)次闪烁/min;PFL,11.2±1.2(9-14)mm;眼压,14±3.2(10-22)mmHg;EAPPT,10.2±2.8(9-14)mm/min;PRTT,6.8±2.5(3-13)mm/15s。在检查的四只鸟类中,眩目反射呈阳性。病理包括白内障(n=7只鸟),角膜纤维化(n=3),内皮色素(n=2),葡萄膜囊肿(n=1),晶状体脱位(n=1),和葡萄膜炎(n=1)。眼部微生物组表现出高度的分类群多样性。
结论:基线眼部参数和眼科病理的发生率有助于兽医对智利火烈鸟进行疾病筛查,而眼部微生物组表现出高度多样性。
OBJECTIVE: To establish normative data for selected ocular diagnostic tests and commensal conjunctival microflora and describe the incidence of ocular pathology in Chilean flamingos.
METHODS: A total of 41 Chilean flamingos were examined at the Blank Park Zoo in Des Moines, Iowa.
METHODS: In 20 flamingos, blink rate was assessed undisturbed in their exhibit, then gentle manual restraint was used to assess palpebral fissure length (PFL), aqueous tear production (phenol red thread test [PRTT] in one eye, endodontic absorbent paper point tear test [EAPPTT] in the other), intraocular pressure (IOP; rebound tonometry), and fluorescein staining. Twenty-one other flamingos were brought to a darkened area for neuro-ophthalmic examination, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Swabs from seven flamingos were used for ocular microbiome evaluation.
RESULTS: Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation (range). Flamingos comprised 23 females/18 males, aged 11 ± 9.1 (0.7-40) years. Test results: blink rate, 3.7 ± 2 (1-9) blinks/min; PFL, 11.2 ± 1.2 (9-14) mm; IOP, 14 ± 3.2 (10-22) mmHg; EAPPT, 10.2 ± 2.8 (9-14) mm/min; PRTT, 6.8 ± 2.5 (3-13) mm/15 s. Dazzle reflex was positive in four birds examined. Pathologies included cataracts (n = 7 birds), corneal fibrosis (n = 3), endothelial pigment (n = 2), uveal cysts (n = 1), lens luxation (n = 1), and uveitis (n = 1). Ocular microbiome showed high diversity of taxa.
CONCLUSIONS: Baseline ocular parameters and incidence of ophthalmic pathology assist veterinarians with disease screening for Chilean flamingos, while the ocular microbiome showed high diversity.