紫色胡萝卜品种“紫色太阳”(DaucuscarotaL.)的特征是酚类化合物和花青素的相关含量,这可能在降低慢性病风险和治疗代谢综合征中起重要作用。在本研究中,遗传多样性,植物化学成分,并首次研究了该新品种的生物活性。通过分子标记进行的遗传分析估计了该胡萝卜品种的遗传纯度水平,其紫色色素根用于获得紫色胡萝卜乙醇提取物(PCE)。为了确定可能导致生物活性的特殊代谢物,通过LC-ESI/LTQOrbitrap/MS/MS对PCE的代谢物谱进行了分析。LC-ESI/HRMS分析允许分配28种化合物,推定为异柠檬酸(1),酚酸衍生物(2和6),羟基肉桂酸衍生物(9、10、12-14、16、17、19、22和23),花青素(3-5、7、8、11和18),黄烷醇(15和21),黄酮醇(20和24),氧化脂素(25、26和28),和倍半萜烯11-乙酰氧基环洛酮(27);化合物26,对应于主要代谢产物三羟基辛酸(TriHOME),是PCE的LC-ESI/HRMS分析中最丰富的化合物,和羟基肉桂酸衍生物,其次是花色苷是两个最具代表性的群体。PCE的抗氧化活性,以活性氧(ROS)水平和抗氧化酶活性表示,并对其代谢前效应进行了评价。此外,研究了对革兰氏(-)和()细菌菌株的抗菌活性。抗氧化酶(SOD,CAT,和GPx),在0.5mg/mL的PCE下达到最大值,在较高的PCE浓度(1.25、2.5和5.0mg/mL)下达到平稳状态,被观察到。PCE在0.1和0.25mg/mL浓度下诱导ROS水平的初始降低,在PCE浓度为0.5mg/mL时达到对照的ROS水平,在较高的PCE浓度(1.25、2.5和5.0mg/mL)下达到平台期。此外,PCE对成肌细胞具有显著的抗氧化和促代谢作用,表现为与促进线粒体呼吸相关的ROS含量降低和ATP产生增加。最后,PCE的抑菌活性在测试的不同菌株上显示,而PCE的杀菌作用仅针对革兰氏()金黄色葡萄球菌。还从细胞和分子的角度研究了PCE在结肠和血液癌细胞中的生物活性。结果表明,PCE诱导增殖停滞并调节重要的细胞周期调节因子的表达。对于所有这些促进健康的作用,还得到了初始计算预测的支持,\'PurpleSun\'是一种有前途的功能性食品,也是药物和/或营养制剂的最佳候选者。
The purple carrot cultivar \'Purple Sun\' (Daucus carota L.) is characterized by a relevant content of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins, which may play an important role in reducing the risk of chronic diseases and in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. In the present study, the genetic diversity, phytochemical composition, and bioactivities of this outstanding variety were studied for the first time. Genetic analysis by molecular markers estimated the level of genetic purity of this carrot cultivar, whose purple-pigmented roots were used for obtaining the purple carrot ethanol extract (PCE). With the aim to identify specialized metabolites potentially responsible for the bioactivities, the analysis of the metabolite profile of PCE by LC-ESI/LTQ Orbitrap/MS/MS was carried out. LC-ESI/HRMS analysis allowed the assignment of twenty-eight compounds, putatively identified as isocitric acid (1), phenolic acid derivatives (2 and 6), hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (9, 10, 12-14, 16, 17, 19, 22, and 23), anthocyanins (3-5, 7, 8, 11, and 18), flavanonols (15 and 21), flavonols (20 and 24), oxylipins (25, 26, and 28), and the sesquiterpene 11-acetyloxytorilolone (27); compound 26, corresponding to the primary metabolite trihydroxyoctanoic acid (TriHOME), was the most abundant compound in the LC-ESI/HRMS analysis of the PCE, and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives followed by anthocyanins were the two most represented groups. The antioxidant activity of PCE, expressed in terms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and antioxidant enzymes activity, and its pro-metabolic effect were evaluated. Moreover, the antibacterial activity on Gram (-) and (+) bacterial strains was investigated. An increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx), reaching a maximum at 0.5 mg/mL of PCE with a plateau at higher PCE concentrations (1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/mL), was observed. PCE induced an initial decrease in ROS levels at 0.1 and 0.25 mg/mL concentrations, reaching the ROS levels of control at 0.5 mg/mL of PCE with a plateau at higher PCE concentrations (1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/mL). Moreover, significant antioxidant and pro-metabolic effects of PCE on myoblasts were shown by a reduction in ROS content and an increase in ATP production linked to the promotion of mitochondrial respiration. Finally, the bacteriostatic activity of PCE was shown on the different bacterial strains tested, while the bactericidal action of PCE was exclusively observed against the Gram (+) Staphylococcus aureus. The bioactivities of PCE were also investigated from cellular and molecular points of view in colon and hematological cancer cells. The results showed that PCE induces proliferative arrest and modulates the expression of important cell-cycle regulators. For all these health-promoting effects, also supported by initial computational predictions, \'Purple Sun\' is a promising functional food and an optimal candidate for pharmaceutical and/or nutraceutical preparations.